ArticleJournal of pediatric urology2021
Effect of age, BMI, and gender on urinary risk factors in pediatric idiopathic stone formers.
Article in Journal of pediatric urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between body mass index, urine metabolic disturbances, and nephrolithiasis in pediatric patients.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Comment on "The impact of urine pH on lithogenic risk profile in children with urolithiasis".Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- The impact of urine pH on lithogenic risk profile in children with urolithiasis.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Use of whole-exome sequencing to identify novel monogenic gene mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese Han children with urolithiasis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes of the Children With Urolithiasis at a Tertiary Care Hospital: First Report From Somalia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing over the years; however, the etiology of this increase is not well understood. Age, body mass index, and gender have been examined as possible risk factors for stone disease, but with inconsistent and variable associations.
objectiveWe aim to investigate the urine chemistry factors, as assessed by 24-h urinary parameters, in pediatric stone formers at a large volume tertiary referral center in the highest areas in the United States, the Southeast, based on age, body mass index, and gender. STUDY
designWe retrospectively reviewed all pediatric stone formers who completed a 24-h study between 2005 and 2016. Patients were stratified by age (3-10 versus 11-18 years of age), overweight status (above versus below the 85th percentile for body mass index), and gender (male versus female) (Summary Figure). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and logistic regression.
results243 patients were included in our analysis. Patients in the first decade of life were found to have greater numbers of urinary risk factors than those in the second decade. Non-overweight patients were more likely to have hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria, while overweight patients were more likely to have hypocitraturia. Female patients were more likely to have higher hyperoxaluria, while male patients were more likely to have hypercalciuria. DISCUSSION: In contrast to prior publications, obesity is not linked to increased risk of urolithiasis with non-overweight individuals having a greater number of risk factors than the overweight cohort. Despite stone disease being more prevalent in adolescents, the greatest number of risk factors were present in the first decade of life. Lastly, female children had more urinary risk factors than males. Further understanding of the underlying causes of stone disease in various pediatric populations is warranted.
conclusionWhile more urinary risk factors were identified in younger, non-overweight, and female patients, there remains no consensus on the urinary risk factors for pediatric urolithiasis. Further study is needed to elucidate the risk factors and pathophysiology of pediatric stone disease.
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