ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2021
Enhancement of the transdermal delivery of zidovudine by pretreating the skin with two physical enhancers: microneedles and sonophoresis.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbon quantum dots as transcutaneous drug carriers: mechanisms, challenges and prospects.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles in HIV treatment for improved drug delivery, clinical translation, and future direction.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Comparative study of permeation effects between vibrating microneedle and low-frequency sonophoresis systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Advances in the transdermal delivery of antiretroviral drugs.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundZidovudine (AZT) has been the most widely used drug for antiretroviral therapy. In order to improve the therapy with this drug, different alternatives have been proposed, such as the transdermal administration. The use of permeation enhancers is necessary to favor the passage of this drug through the skin, due to its physicochemical properties and to the natural permeation barrier imposed by the skin.
objectivesTo evaluate the effect of two permeation enhancers, sonophoresis and microneedles, on the permeability of AZT through the skin.
methodsPermeation studies with an AZT solution were performed using pigskin clamped in Franz-type cells. Sonophoresis was applied under different conditions (i.e., amplitude, duty cycle and application time), selected according to an experimental design, where the response variables were the increase in temperature of the skin surface and the increase in transepidermal water loss. ATR-FTIR was also used to demonstrate the effect of enhancers on membrane components.
resultsThe permeability of AZT through intact skin was very poor, with a very long lag time. Pretreatment of the skin with sonophoresis increased AZT transport significantly, reducing the lag time. The maximum flux (27.52 µgcm
conclusionThe results are encouraging in terms of promoting AZT transport through the skin using sonophoresis or microneedles as permeation enhancers.
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