ArticleClinical rheumatology2021
Polycystic ovary syndrome: epidemiologic assessment of prevalence of systemic rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antinuclear Antibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- In Vitro Fertilization is Essential Healthcare for Patients With Rheumatic Disease.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Review
- Interconnection between polycystic ovary syndrome, immune disorders, and reproductive outcomes.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Autoimmune diseases in patients with different PCOS phenotypes.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights into Elevated Autoantibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Comparison of Long-Term and Stimulated Cycle Protocols in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2025Article
- Integrated gene expression analysis identifies shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways in polycystic ovarian syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.Biotechnologia · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in autoimmune diseases: a bibliometric exploration of the past two decades.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Diversity in Acute Autoimmune Pericarditis: Nationwide Analysis of In-Hospital Outcomes and Recurrence.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Reproductive Effect by Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Autoantibodies.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Review
- Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a Predictor of Fibromyalgia.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Implications of combinedFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Bodily Pain Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Health-Related Quality of Life and Potential Risk Factors.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Analysis of Cardiovascular Complications During Delivery Admissions Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2004-2019.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- A review of the hormones involved in the endocrine dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome and their interactions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Hormonal imbalance is known to contribute to systemic autoimmune diseases.
objectiveTo examine the frequency of certain rheumatic diseases in PCOS.
methodsThis retrospective study utilized and analyzed electronic medical records from January 2004 through February 2020. A diagnosis of PCOS and specified rheumatic diseases was searched using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. A total of 754 adult patients with PCOS and 1,508 age- and body mass index-matched patients without PCOS were included. Frequencies of the rheumatic diseases were compared between PCOS and non-PCOS subjects or literature data.
resultsThe prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to be 2.25% (17/737) in the PCOS patients, numerically higher than 1.26% (19/1489) in the non-PCOS subjects. The difference was significant with a confidence level of 90% (1.04-3.15) but not at 95% with an odds ratio of 1.808 (95% CI = 0.934-3.4, p = 0.0747). When compared with the literature data from the US female population, the prevalence of RA in PCOS patients was significantly higher (2.25% vs. 1.40%, p < 0.0001). Among the autoimmune diseases examined, both systemic sclerosis (0.40% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.0369) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (0.53% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.0123) were significantly more frequent in the PCOS patients than the non-PCOS. Additionally, PCOS patients had a significantly higher frequency of osteoarthritis than non-PCOS patients (5.44% vs. 2.92%, p = 0.0030) with an odds ratio of 1.913 (95% CI = 1.239-2.955).
conclusionWe have shown unprecedentedly that certain rheumatic diseases are more prevalent in PCOS. This study provides important insight into autoimmunity in association with PCOS. Key Points • Polycystic ovary syndrome is postulated to cause systemic autoimmune disease due to its hormonal imbalance. • We conducted the first epidemiologic assessment of the prevalence of systemic autoimmune diseases. • Certain autoimmune and rheumatic diseases are more prevalent in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.