Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34216091›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2021

Multi-institution consensus paper for acquisition of portable chest radiographs through glass barriers.

Sarah E McKenney, John M S Wait, Virgil N Cooper, Amirh M Johnson, Jia Wang, Ann N Leung, Jessica Clements

Abstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarah E McKenneyDepartment of Environmental Health and Safety, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
John M S WaitMedical Imaging Technology and Informatics Department, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Virgil N CooperClinical Technology Department, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Amirh M JohnsonClinical Technology Department, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Jia WangDepartment of Environmental Health and Safety, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ann N LeungRad/Thoracic Imaging Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jessica ClementsMedical Imaging Technology and Informatics Department, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) and reduce exposure to potentially infected COVID-19 patients, several Californian facilities independently implemented a method of acquiring portable chest radiographs through glass barriers that was originally developed by the University of Washington.

methodsThis work quantifies the transmission of radiation through a glass barrier using six radiographic systems at five facilities. Patient entrance air kerma (EAK) and effective dose were estimated both with and without the glass barrier. Beam penetrability and resulting exposure index (EI) and deviation index (DI) were measured and used to adjust the tube current-time product (mAs) for glass barriers. Because of beam hardening, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured with image quality phantoms to ensure diagnostic integrity. Finally, scatter surveys were performed to assess staff radiation exposure both inside and outside the exam room.

resultsThe glass barriers attenuated a mean of 61% of the normal X-ray beams. When the mAs was increased to match EI values, there was no discernible degradation of image quality as determined by the CNR. This was corroborated with subjective assessments of image quality by chest radiologists. The glass-hardened beams acted as a filter for low energy X-rays, and some facilities observed slight changes in patient effective doses. There was scattering from both the phantoms and the glass barriers within the room.

conclusionsGlass barriers require an approximate 2.5 times increase in beam intensity, with all other technique factors held constant. Further refinements are necessary for increased source-to-image distance and beam quality in order to adequately match EI values. This does not result in a significant increase in the radiation dose delivered to the patient. The use of lead aprons, mobile shields, and increased distance from scattering sources should be employed where practicable in order to keep staff radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable.

Indexed as

GlassPhantoms, ImagingRadiography, ThoracicHumansRadiation Dosagechest X-rayCOVID-19infection preventionradiation safety

Identifiers

PMID34216091
PMCPMC8364281

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.