ArticleEpidemiologic reviews2022
What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.
Article in Epidemiologic reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Punitive legal responses to prenatal drug use in the United States: A survey of state policies and systematic review of their public health impacts.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Pooled it
- US State Policy Index for Population Health Analyses.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- US State Policy Contexts and Mental Health Among Working-Age Adults.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- Enacting Domestic Worker Bills of Rights: A Quasi-experimental Analysis of Impacts on Domestic Workers' Working Hours and Earnings.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2026Article
- Choosing an analytic approach: key study design considerations in state policy evaluation.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2026Article
- Prenatal drug use criminalization and health system avoidance: Evidence from births in Alabama, South Carolina, and Tennessee, 1989-2019.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Integrating Financing Variables Into Behavioral Health Policy Implementation Research.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effect of lifting eviction moratoria on fatal drug overdoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Political determinants of US states' screening-amenable cancer stage at diagnosis and premature cancer mortality.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Observational
- County-Level COVID-19 Policy Comprehensiveness and Adult Behavioral Health during 2021 : County-Level COVID-19 Policy and Adult Behavioral Health.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Invited commentary: policies that support working parents and gender health equity-needed research and methodological challenges.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The association of state policies and opioid analgesic amount dispensed from retail pharmacies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Methods Used to Evaluate the Health Effects of Social Policies: A Systematic Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Article
- Politicians, power, and the people's health: US elections and state health outcomes, 2012-2024.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- A Longitudinal Multivariable Analysis: State Policies and Opioid Dispensing in Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Surgery.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 incidence and deaths: cross-national natural experiment in 32 European countries.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Multisector Collaboration vs. Social Democracy for Addressing Social Determinants of Health.The Milbank quarterly · 2024Article
- Strengthening tobacco control research: key factors impacting policy outcomes and health equity.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Using administrative data to evaluate national policy impacts on child and maternal health: a research framework from the Maternal and Child Health Network (MatCHNet).Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- A comparison of quasi-experimental methods with data before and after an intervention: an introduction for epidemiologists and a simulation study.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Social policies have great potential to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Increasingly, those doing empirical research have sought to quantify the health effects of social policies by exploiting variation in the timing of policy changes across places. Multiple social policies are often adopted simultaneously or in close succession in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be handled analytically for valid inferences. Although this is a substantial methodological challenge for researchers aiming to isolate social policy effects, only in a limited number of studies have researchers systematically considered analytic solutions within a causal framework or assessed whether these solutions are being adopted. We designated 7 analytic solutions to policy co-occurrence, including efforts to disentangle individual policy effects and efforts to estimate the combined effects of co-occurring policies. We used an existing systematic review of social policies and health to evaluate how often policy co-occurrence is identified as a threat to validity and how often each analytic solution is applied in practice. Of the 55 studies, only in 17 (31%) did authors report checking for any co-occurring policies, although in 36 studies (67%), at least 1 approach was used that helps address policy co-occurrence. The most common approaches were adjusting for measures of co-occurring policies; defining the outcome on subpopulations likely to be affected by the policy of interest (but not other co-occurring policies); and selecting a less-correlated measure of policy exposure. As health research increasingly focuses on policy changes, we must systematically assess policy co-occurrence and apply analytic solutions to strengthen studies on the health effects of social policies.
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