ArticleScience advances2021
Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a single-dose mucosal immunization with a parainfluenza virus 5-based COVID-19 vaccine.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal vaccine combining adenovirus and trimeric subunit protein provides superior immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Homologous and Heterologous Immunization with a PIV5-Based Modified OspA Vaccine Confers Equivalent Protection Against Tick-TransmittedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The newly developed porcine-origin parainfluenza virus PIV5-JS17 serves as an exogenous gene delivery system for swine.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Intranasal measles virus- and mumps virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of intranasal parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults and teens in an open-label phase 1 trial.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.Nature · 2025Review
- A parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CVXGA1) elicits protective and long-lasting immunity in nonhuman primates.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine as a single dose primer and booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Single-cycle parainfluenza virus type 5 vectors for producing recombinant proteins, including a humanized anti-V5 tag antibody.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19.Virulence · 2024Review
- Influenza virus strains expressing SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain protein confer immunity in K18-hACE2 mice.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Protective Non-neutralizing anti-N-terminal Domain mAb Maintains Fc-mediated Function against SARS-COV-2 Variants up to BA.2.86-JN.1 with Superfluous In Vivo Protection against JN.1 Due to Attenuated Virulence.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transmission-blocking vaccines are urgently needed to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV 2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The upper respiratory tract is an initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection and, for many individuals, remains the primary site of virus replication. An ideal COVID-19 vaccine should reduce upper respiratory tract virus replication and block transmission as well as protect against severe disease. Here, we optimized a vaccine candidate, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (CVXGA1), and then demonstrated that a single-dose intranasal immunization with CVXGA1 protects against lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice, a severe disease model. CVXGA1 immunization also prevented virus infection of ferrets and blocked contact transmission. This mucosal vaccine strategy inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in the upper respiratory tract, thus preventing disease progression to the lower respiratory tract. A PIV5-based mucosal vaccine provides a strategy to induce protective innate and cellular immune responses and reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in populations.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.