Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34215138›Full record

ReviewNeuroImage. Clinical2021

Neuroimaging in Functional Neurological Disorder: State of the Field and Research Agenda.

David L Perez, Timothy R Nicholson, Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Indrit Bègue, Matthew Butler, Alan J Carson, Anthony S David, Quinton Deeley, Ibai Diez, Mark J Edwards and 20 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07059325 (Accelerated, Left Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Functional Seizures; An Open-Label Exploration of Feasibility, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy), which is not on this map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
103citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
19.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07059325 early_phase1recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Accelerated, Left Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Functional Seizures; An Open-Label Exploration of Feasibility, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of South CarolinaRan2025 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsFunctional Neurological Symptom Disorder, Functional SeizuresArmsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
  6. Towards a domain-general mechanistic model of fatigue: application to Functional Neurological Disorder.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
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43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.

David L PerezDepartments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: dlperez@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.
Timothy R NicholsonSection of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Ali A Asadi-PooyaEpilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran; Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Indrit BègueDivision of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva Switzerland; Service of Neurology Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Matthew ButlerSection of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Alan J CarsonCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
Anthony S DavidInstitute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK.
Quinton DeeleySouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London UK Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Ibai DiezDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mark J EdwardsNeurosciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Alberto J EspayJames J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Jeannette M GelauffDepartment of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Mark HallettHuman Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Silvina G HorovitzHuman Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Johannes JungilligensDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Richard A A KanaanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health Heidelberg, Australia.
Marina A J TijssenExpertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Kasia KozlowskaThe Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Kathrin LaFaverDepartment of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
W Curt LaFranceDepartments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Sarah C LidstoneEdmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ramesh S MarapinExpertise Center Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Carine W MaurerDepartment of Neurology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Mandana ModirroustaDepartment of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Antje A T S ReindersDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Petr SojkaDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic.
Jeffrey P StaabDepartments of Psychiatry and Psychology and Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA.
Jon StoneCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
Jerzy P SzaflarskiUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA.
Selma AybekNeurology Department, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
King's College London · GBHarvard University · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of Edinburgh · GBAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLBrown University · USInstitute of Mental Health · GBMayo Clinic · USNorthwestern University · USSt George's, University of London · GBStony Brook School · USThe University of Melbourne · AUThe University of Sydney · AUThomas Jefferson University · USUniversitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum · DEUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity Hospital Brno · CZUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Bern · CH

Funding

Pathophysiology of Involuntary Movements and Volitional DisordersZIANS002667 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI HALLETT, MARK · 2009 to 2023
$17.7M
Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Symptom Severity, Adverse Life Events and Prognosis in Motor Functional Neurological DisordersK23MH111983 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI PEREZ, DAVID LEWIS · 2017 to 2021
$998k
Treatments for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (NES)K23NS045902 · NINDS · RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL (PROVIDENCE, RI) · PI LAFRANCE, W CURT · 2003 to 2007
$818k
Department of HealthNIMH NIH HHS K23 MH111983NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS045902
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional neurological disorder (FND) was of great interest to early clinical neuroscience leaders. During the 20th century, neurology and psychiatry grew apart - leaving FND a borderland condition. Fortunately, a renaissance has occurred in the last two decades, fostered by increased recognition that FND is prevalent and diagnosed using "rule-in" examination signs. The parallel use of scientific tools to bridge brain structure - function relationships has helped refine an integrated biopsychosocial framework through which to conceptualize FND. In particular, a growing number of quality neuroimaging studies using a variety of methodologies have shed light on the emerging pathophysiology of FND. This renewed scientific interest has occurred in parallel with enhanced interdisciplinary collaborations, as illustrated by new care models combining psychological and physical therapies and the creation of a new multidisciplinary FND society supporting knowledge dissemination in the field. Within this context, this article summarizes the output of the first International FND Neuroimaging Workgroup meeting, held virtually, on June 17th, 2020 to appraise the state of neuroimaging research in the field and to catalyze large-scale collaborations. We first briefly summarize neural circuit models of FND, and then detail the research approaches used to date in FND within core content areas: cohort characterization; control group considerations; task-based functional neuroimaging; resting-state networks; structural neuroimaging; biomarkers of symptom severity and risk of illness; and predictors of treatment response and prognosis. Lastly, we outline a neuroimaging-focused research agenda to elucidate the pathophysiology of FND and aid the development of novel biologically and psychologically-informed treatments.

Indexed as

Conversion DisorderNervous System DiseasesHumansNeuroimagingConversion disorderDTIfMRIFunctional neurological disorderMRINeuroimaging

Identifiers

PMID34215138
PMCPMC8111317
OpenAlexW3135528090

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.