ArticleBiophysical journal2021
Unraveling the mechanism of octenidine and chlorhexidine on membranes: Does electrostatics matter?
Article in Biophysical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine compared to bathing with soap and water on risk of death, clinical severity, and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Towards Antimicrobial Formulations of Repurposed Drugs and Cationic Surfactants: Efficacy, Cytotoxicity on Human Cell Lines, and Ecotoxicity in Aquatic Models.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Does alternate-day bathing with 2% chlorhexidine improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Revisiting the ocular use of chlorhexidine: an agent to remember in multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal keratitis.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Dual-Action Sutures: Chlorhexidine and Dexamethasone for Infection Control and Inflammation Suppression.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 0.1% octenidine versus 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes for plaque-induced gingivitis: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Designing AI-generated antimicrobials for targeting bacterial microdomains.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Octenidine Lozenges Intended for Oral Administration Display In Vitro Activity Against Oropharyngeal Pathogens and Safety Toward Intestinal Microbiota.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Multifunctional 3D-Printed Wound Dressings Containing a Combination of Synergistic Antimicrobials in the Management of MRSA Infected Topical Wounds.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- A review of advancements in antiseptics for wound care in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Development and characterisation of antimicrobial epoxy resin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chemical genomics informs antibiotic and essential gene function in Acinetobacter baumannii.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- In vitro long-term exposure to chlorhexidine or triclosan induces cross-resistance against azoles in Nakaseomyces glabratus.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Five Wound Irrigation Solutions in the Biofilm Microenvironment In Vitro and Ex VivoAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insight into the Anti-Bacterial/Anti-Biofilm Effects of Low Chlorhexidine Concentrations onMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Biguanide-Vancomycin Conjugates are Effective Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics against Actively Growing and Biofilm-Associated Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens and Mycobacteria.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Activity of Fabimycin: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Studies on Bacterial Membrane Models.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2024Article
- Alcohol-Based Chlorhexidine and Potassium Sorbate Rub Strengthens the Effectiveness of Traditional Hand Scrubbing and Improves Long-Lasting Effectiveness-Evaluation of Hand Preparation Protocols According to EN 12791.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of cationic antiseptics on fluorescent characteristics and electron transfer in cyanobacterial photosystem I complexes.Photosynthesis research · 2024Article
- Molecular guidelines for promising antimicrobial agents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria requires the development of new antimicrobial candidates. There are several well-known substances with commercial use, but their molecular mode of action is not fully understood. In this work, we focus on two commonly used antimicrobial agents from the detergent family-octenidine dichloride (OCT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Both of them are reported to be agents selectively attacking the cell membrane through interaction inducing membrane disruption by emulsification. They are believed to present electrostatic selectivity toward charged lipids. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and revised previously proposed molecular mechanisms of action. Employing a variety of techniques such as molecular dynamics, ζ potential with dynamic light scattering, vesicle fluctuation spectroscopy, carboxyfluorescein leakage measurement, and fluorescence trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene- and diphenylhexatriene-based studies for determination of OCT and CHX membrane location, we performed experimental studies using two model membrane systems-zwitterionic PC and negatively charged PG (18:1/18:1):PC (16:0/18:1) 3:7, respectively. These studies were extended by molecular dynamics simulations performed on a three-component bacterial membrane model system to further test interactions with another negatively charged lipid, cardiolipin. In summary, our study demonstrated that detergent selectivity is far more complicated than supposed simple electrostatic interactions. Although OCT does disrupt the membrane, our results suggest that its primary selectivity was more linked to mechanical properties of the membrane. On the other hand, CHX did not disrupt membranes as a primary activity, nor did it show any sign of electrostatic selectivity toward negatively charged membranes at any stage of interactions, which suggests membrane disruption by influencing more discrete membrane properties.
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Registered trials
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