ArticleACS chemical neuroscience2021
Kratom Alkaloids as Probes for Opioid Receptor Function: Pharmacological Characterization of Minor Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Kratom.
Article in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous quantification of seventeen kratom alkaloids and metabolites in human plasma and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic sample analysis.Pharmaceutical biology · 2026Article
- Atypical respiration patterns of kratom alkaloids.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Article
- Identification and Optimization of Kratom Strictosidine Pathway Enabled by Yeast Multiplex Engineering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mitragynine and Morphine Stabilize Different Conformations of the μ‑Opioid Receptor as Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Investigating Opioid Receptor Activity through Biocatalytic Halogenation and Oxidation of Mitragynine.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Environmental Influence on the Untargeted Foliar Metabolome of Naturally GrowingPlant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Multifaceted modulation of human opioid receptors by kratom alkaloids: binding affinity, functional selectivity, and allosteric activity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Spatial Mapping of Stereoisomeric and Isobaric Alkaloids inAnalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Four enzymes from button bush enable de novo biosynthesis of spirooxindole alkaloids in yeast.Biodesign research · 2025Article
- From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Mitragynine and Corynoxeine: Kratom-Derived Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids for Pain Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Kratom: A Narrative Review of the Possible Clinical Uses and Dangers of This Opioid-Like Plant.Cureus · 2024Review
- Electrical breakdown in liquid-phase processing on an enhancement of 7-hydroxymitragynine conversion from mitragynine inHeliyon · 2024Article
- Multimodal Image Fusion Workflow Incorporating MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy for the Study of Small Pharmaceutical Compounds.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- N-substituted tetrahydro-beta-carboline as mu-opioid receptors ligands: in silico study; molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamics approach.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- An In Vitro Examination of Whether Kratom Extracts Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Low-Dose Doxorubicin against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A multi-modal image fusion workflow incorporating MALDI imaging mass spectrometry and microscopy for the study of small pharmaceutical compounds.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Kratom and Cannabidiol in Male Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A Platform for the Synthesis of Corynantheine-Type Corynanthe Alkaloids.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dry leaves of kratom (mitragyna speciosa) are anecdotally consumed as pain relievers and antidotes against opioid withdrawal and alcohol use disorders. There are at least 54 alkaloids in kratom; however, investigations to date have focused around mitragynine, 7-hydroxy mitragynine (7OH), and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP). Herein, we probe a few minor indole and oxindole based alkaloids, reporting the receptor affinity, G-protein activity, and βarrestin-2 signaling of corynantheidine, corynoxine, corynoxine B, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine at mouse and human opioid receptors. We identify corynantheidine as a mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist, whereas its oxindole derivative corynoxine was an MOR full agonist. Similarly, another alkaloid mitraciliatine was found to be an MOR partial agonist, while isopaynantheine was a KOR agonist which showed reduced βarrestin-2 recruitment. Corynantheidine, corynoxine, and mitraciliatine showed MOR dependent antinociception in mice, but mitraciliatine and corynoxine displayed attenuated respiratory depression and hyperlocomotion compared to the prototypic MOR agonist morphine
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.