ArticleInsights into imaging2021
Appearance of the levator ani muscle subdivisions on 3D transperineal ultrasound.
Article in Insights into imaging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated extraction of the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions and mid-sagittal plane from 3D transperineal ultrasound.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Proof of concept 3D ultrasound strain imaging measuring effect of a ring pessary on avulsed puborectal muscle.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Twisted orientation of the muscle bundles in the levator ani functional parts in women: Implications for pelvic floor support mechanism.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Unsupervised convolutional autoencoders for 4D transperineal ultrasound classification.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe levator ani muscle (LAM) consists of different subdivisions, which play a specific role in the pelvic floor mechanics. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the appearance of these subdivisions on 3-Dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasound (TPUS). To do so, a study designed in three phases was performed in which twenty 3D TPUS scans of vaginally nulliparous women were assessed. The first phase was aimed at getting acquainted with the anatomy of the LAM subdivisions and its appearance on TPUS: relevant literature was consulted, and the TPUS scan of one patient was analyzed to identify the puborectal, iliococcygeal, puboperineal, pubovaginal, and puboanal muscle. In the second phase, the five LAM subdivisions and the pubic bone and external sphincter, used as reference structures, were manually segmented in volume data obtained from five nulliparous women at rest. In the third phase, intra- and inter-observer reproducibility were assessed on twenty TPUS scans by measuring the Dice Similarity Index (DSI).
resultsThe mean inter-observer and median intra-observer DSI values (with interquartile range) were: puborectal 0.83 (0.13)/0.83 (0.10), puboanal 0.70 (0.16)/0.79 (0.09), iliococcygeal 0.73 (0.14)/0.79 (0.10), puboperineal 0.63 (0.25)/0.75 (0.22), pubovaginal muscle 0.62 (0.22)/0.71 (0.16), and the external sphincter 0.81 (0.12)/0.89 (0.03).
conclusionOur results show that the LAM subdivisions of nulliparous women can be reproducibly identified on 3D TPUS data.
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