Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34213477›Full record

ArticleAnnals of African medicine

Clinical screening for menorrhagia and other bleeding symptoms in Nigerian women.

Theresa Ukamaka Nwagha, Helen Chioma Okoye, Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of African medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07188259 (Prevalence and Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Among Female Students in Assiut University, Egypt), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 91% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07188259 not yet recruitingnot on this map

Prevalence and Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Among Female Students in Assiut University, Egypt

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorAssiut UniversityRan2025 to 2027Enrolled340ConditionsMenorrhagia
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Theresa Ukamaka NwaghaDepartment of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Helen Chioma OkoyeDepartment of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Angela Ogechukwu UgwuDepartment of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Emmanuel Onyebuchi UgwuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of perceived bleeding symptoms in Nigerian women and the usefulness of a simple clinical screening tool for bleeding symptoms. Materials and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey of 1524 women of 16-50 years in Southeast Nigeria using a structured, prevalidated, pretested questionnaire was conducted. Results: A total of 1524 (85%) women responded with the mean age of 26 (10.6) years. Prevalence of bleeding symptoms was 24.6% and 11% of the women reported a positive family history of bleeding symptoms. There was a significant association between having a positive family history of bleeding disorder and experiencing bleeding symptoms (adjusted odds ratio: 0.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.22 P < 0.0001). Two hundred and six women experienced at least one bleeding symptom, 125 (8.2%) experienced at least two, whereas 43 (2.8%) experienced >3 bleeding symptoms. The most common perceived bleeding symptom was heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) present in 83 women (22.2%), 141 (9.3%) reported a past history of HMB, 202 (13.3%) had heavy bleeds during most of their monthly cycle, and 351 (23%) requiring resuscitation with blood support. Conclusion: The prevalence of perceived bleeding symptoms among women is high, and HMB is the most common bleeding symptom. This clinical screening tool is easy and cost-effective in routinely identifying women with bleeding symptoms needing further hemostatic and obstetrics evaluation.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHemostasisHemostatic DisordersHumansMenorrhagiaMiddle AgedNigeriaQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesBleeding symptomsclinical screeningheavy menstrual bleedhemostasiswomen

Identifiers

PMID34213477
PMCPMC8378466
OpenAlexW3174000761

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.