ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2021
Health profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder: Differences between women and men.
Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms Have Alterations in Intestinal Neurotransmitter Pathways.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Priorities for change for autistic people across Europe.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of Cardiovascular Health in Autistic Individuals: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanistic Pathways, and Future Directions.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Review
- The healthcare experiences of middle and older age autistic women in the United Kingdom.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Autistic women report high levels of pain, pain-related anxiety, and pain interference.Pain reports · 2025Article
- The dynamic trajectory of autistic life and its changing challenges: a scoping review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder in adults: an integrative review about strategies for promotion and maintenance of quality of life.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2025Review
- Autism through midlife: trajectories of symptoms, behavioral functioning, and health.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Health conditions and service use of autistic women and men: A retrospective population-based case-control study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectories of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current developmental disorders reports · 2023Article
- Quality of Life, Neurosensory Disorders and Co-Occurring Medical Conditions in Individuals on the Spectrum, with a Special Focus on Females Diagnosed with Autism: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Characterizing the physical and mental health profile of children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder in Spain.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Case report: A novel frameshift mutation in BRSK2 causes autism in a 16-year old Chinese boy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Measuring subjective quality of life in autistic adults with the PROMIS global-10: Psychometric study and development of an autism-specific scoring method.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- Barriers to healthcare and their relationship to well-being and social support for autistic adults during COVID-19.Primary health care research & development · 2022Article
- Self-Perceived Quality of Life in Spanish-Speaking Women with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Oxytocin and cardiometabolic interoception: Knowing oneself affects ingestive and social behaviors.Appetite · 2022Article
- 'Living in a world that's not about us': The impact of everyday life on the health and wellbeing of autistic women and gender diverse people.Women's health (London, England)Article
- Virtual group-based mindfulness program for autistic women: A feasibility study.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. Utilizing electronic health records drawn from a single health care system serving over 2 million individuals, 2119 adults with diagnosed autism spectrum disorders were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. When considering health care utilization, we found evidence of multiplicative risk for conditions within some domains (i.e., nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders) such that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experienced double jeopardy-meaning they had greater rates of health care utilization within a domain than what would separately be expected by virtue of being a woman and having ASD. For other domains (i.e., endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders), the risk was additive such that being a female and having ASD were both associated with higher health care utilization, but there were no significant interaction effects. It was only with respect to one domain (cardiovascular) that rates of health care utilization were reflective of neither ASD diagnosis nor sex. Overall, our findings suggest that women with ASD are a vulnerable subgroup with high levels of health care utilization. LAY SUMMARY: This study asked whether women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. To answer this question, we used data from electronic health records. We found that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were at the greatest risk for health problems such as nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders. More research on health of women with ASD is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.