ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021
The preliminary survey on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in salt samples collected from Tehran, Iran: a probabilistic health risk assessment.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Salt Deposits to the Dinner Table: A Systematic Review of Heavy Metal Contamination in Edible Salt; Sources, Limitations of Conventional Purification, Human Exposure, and Regulatory Gaps.Biological trace element research · 2026Pooled it
- Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Canned Food in Tehran, Iran.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in refined, rock, and sea salt samples collected (n=60) from Tehran's local market by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Besides, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults were estimated with the aid of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The rank order of PTEs in refined salt was Pb (13.378 μg/g) > Cu (6.448 μg/g) > Zn (0.363 μg/g) > As (0.184 μg/g) > Hg (0.049 μg/g); in sea salt was Pb (22.972 μg/g) > Cu (3.963 μg/g) > Zn (0.986 μg/g) > As (0.387 μg/g) > Hg (0.224 μg/g); and in rock salt was Cu (31.622 μg/g) > Pb (22.527 μg/g) > Zn (0.638 μg/g) > As (0.235 μg/g) > Hg (0.095 μg/g). It was concluded that the average concentration of some of the investigated PTEs was higher than the national standard limits and Codex's guidelines. A significant non-carcinogenic risk (TTHQ > 1), except for adult consumers, was noted based on the health risk assessment who consume refined salt. All consumers were also at the threshold carcinogenic risk of As (between 10
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