ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Strategies to Use Nanoparticles to Generate CD4 and CD8 Regulatory T Cells for the Treatment of SLE and Other Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4-directed nanoblades enable selective genome editing in CD4EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced biomimetic nanomedicines for cell-based therapeutics: prospects and challenges.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Remodeling the Inflammatory Microenvironment: Nanomaterial-Based Targeted Strategies for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis.Small science · 2026Review
- How Effective are Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics to Treat Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Application of nanoparticles in antibody drug delivery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Immune-mediated acute cerebellitis in a patient with mycoplasma pneumonia infection: A case report and brief review.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Antigen-driven T cell responses in rheumatic diseases: insights from T cell receptor repertoire studies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Unlocking the role of Smith-specific regulatory T-cells: a paradigm shift in autoimmune therapy.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Bridging the gender gap in autoimmunity with T-cell-targeted biomaterials.Current opinion in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Nanoparticles loaded with IL-2 and TGF-β promote transplantation tolerance to alloantigen.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Case report: a co-occurring case of severeFrontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The role of inflammatory factors and T-cell subsets in the diagnosis of recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer patients and the effect of olaparin treatment on them.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Peptide-based immunotherapy in lupus: Where are we now?Rheumatology and immunology research · 2023Review
- Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2023Review
- Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems to Fight Tuberculosis.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Pathogenesis and novel therapeutics of regulatory T cell subsets and interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Multicolor flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping for preclinical characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations: an insight into structure activity relationship and nanoparticle biocompatibility profiles.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Article
- A decreased number of circulating regulatory T cells is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are disorders of immune regulation where the mechanisms responsible for self-tolerance break down and pathologic T cells overcome the protective effects of T regulatory cells (Tregs) that normally control them. The result can be the initiation of chronic inflammatory diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases are generally treated with pharmacologic or biological agents that have broad suppressive effects. These agents can halt disease progression, yet rarely cure while carrying serious adverse side effects. Recently, nanoparticles have been engineered to correct homeostatic regulatory defects and regenerate therapeutic antigen-specific Tregs. Some approaches have used nanoparticles targeted to antigen presenting cells to switch their support from pathogenic T cells to protective Tregs. Others have used nanoparticles targeted directly to T cells for the induction and expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs. Some of these T cell targeted nanoparticles have been formulated to act as tolerogenic artificial antigen presenting cells. This article discusses the properties of these various nanoparticle formulations and the strategies to use them in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The restoration and maintenance of Treg predominance over effector cells should promote long-term autoimmune disease remission and ultimately prevent them in susceptible individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.