Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34210995›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2021

Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment.

Dag Aarsland, Lucia Batzu, Glenda M Halliday, Gert J Geurtsen, Clive Ballard, K Ray Chaudhuri, Daniel Weintraub

Erratum issued 4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 789 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
789citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
83.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07324330 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Slowing Cognitive Decline in Alpha-synucleinopathies by Enhancing Physical Activity

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, BonnRan2025 to 2029Enrolled130ConditionsParkinson Disease, Prodromal Stage, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Basal Ganglia DiseasesArmsIncrease of physical activity volume and intensity with the use of a motivational smartphone application
NCT07381751 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Artificial Intelligence-assisted MDS-UPDRS Assessment for Parkinson's Disease

TypeobservationalSponsorHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyRan2026 to 2029Enrolled500ConditionsParkinson DiseaseArmsObservational
NCT07554833 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Clinical Effects of Accelerated rTMS Targeting Motor Cortex on Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSan Francisco Neurology and Sleep CenterRan2026 to 2027Enrolled40ConditionsPARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder), Parkinson s DiseaseArmsTMS
NCT07610031 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Trunk Control Exercises and Mirror Therapy on Balance and Posture in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of LahoreRan2024 to 2026Enrolled36ConditionsParkinson s DiseaseArmsTrunk control exercise, Mirror therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

789 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,274 citations in OpenAlex.

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729 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Dag AarslandDepartment of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. dag.aarsland@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-6314-216X
Lucia BatzuParkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6249-2803
Glenda M HallidayBrain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0422-8398
Gert J GeurtsenAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2508-340X
Clive BallardUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0022-5632
K Ray ChaudhuriParkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2815-0505
Daniel WeintraubDepartments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
King's College London · GBAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLPhiladelphia VA Medical Center · USThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of Exeter · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting >1% of the population ≥65 years of age and with a prevalence set to double by 2030. In addition to the defining motor symptoms of PD, multiple non-motor symptoms occur; among them, cognitive impairment is common and can potentially occur at any disease stage. Cognitive decline is usually slow and insidious, but rapid in some cases. Recently, the focus has been on the early cognitive changes, where executive and visuospatial impairments are typical and can be accompanied by memory impairment, increasing the risk for early progression to dementia. Other risk factors for early progression to dementia include visual hallucinations, older age and biomarker changes such as cortical atrophy, as well as Alzheimer-type changes on functional imaging and in cerebrospinal fluid, and slowing and frequency variation on EEG. However, the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in PD remain largely unclear. Cortical involvement of Lewy body and Alzheimer-type pathologies are key features, but multiple mechanisms are likely involved. Cholinesterase inhibition is the only high-level evidence-based treatment available, but other pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are being tested. Challenges include the identification of disease-modifying therapies as well as finding biomarkers to better predict cognitive decline and identify patients at high risk for early and rapid cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionParkinson DiseaseAgedBiomarkersHumansRisk FactorsBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID34210995
OpenAlexW3174664487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.