ArticleNPJ science of learning2021
Statistical learning occurs during practice while high-order rule learning during rest period.
Article in NPJ science of learning, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Learning regularities in noise engages both neural predictive activity and representational changes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Musical training increases anticipatory responding and predictive control in sequence learning.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Impaired micro-online motor learning processes in individuals with severe anxiety.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Differences in characteristics of two aspects of procedural learning in action video game players.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Procedural or declarative deficit in adults with developmental dyslexia? A study of Artificial grammar learning.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Replay in the human visual cortex during brief task pauses is linked to implicit learning of successor representations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Hippocampal ripples predict motor learning during brief rest breaks in humans.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mind Wandering during Implicit Learning Is Associated with Increased Periodic EEG Activity and Improved Extraction of Hidden Probabilistic Patterns.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Interbrain neural correlates of self and other integration in joint statistical learning.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Neural representations of statistical and rule-based predictions in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- A Matter of Time: A Web-Based Investigation of Rest and Sleep Effects on Speech Motor Learning.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- The complexity of measuring reliability in learning tasks: An illustration using the Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Article
- Tracking human skill learning with a hierarchical Bayesian sequence model.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Speed and accuracy instructions affect two aspects of skill learning differently.NPJ science of learning · 2022Article
- The Effects of Cooperative and Competitive Situations on Statistical Learning.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- How does the length of short rest periods affect implicit probabilistic learning?Neuroimage. Reports · 2022Article
- A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette's Syndrome.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Access to Procedural Memories After One Year: Evidence for Robust Memory Consolidation in Tourette Syndrome.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Knowing when the brain learns is crucial for both the comprehension of memory formation and consolidation and for developing new training and neurorehabilitation strategies in healthy and patient populations. Recently, a rapid form of offline learning developing during short rest periods has been shown to account for most of procedural learning, leading to the hypothesis that the brain mainly learns during rest between practice periods. Nonetheless, procedural learning has several subcomponents not disentangled in previous studies investigating learning dynamics, such as acquiring the statistical regularities of the task, or else the high-order rules that regulate its organization. Here we analyzed 506 behavioral sessions of implicit visuomotor deterministic and probabilistic sequence learning tasks, allowing the distinction between general skill learning, statistical learning, and high-order rule learning. Our results show that the temporal dynamics of apparently simultaneous learning processes differ. While high-order rule learning is acquired offline, statistical learning is evidenced online. These findings open new avenues on the short-scale temporal dynamics of learning and memory consolidation and reveal a fundamental distinction between statistical and high-order rule learning, the former benefiting from online evidence accumulation and the latter requiring short rest periods for rapid consolidation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.