Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34210289›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2021

Stratification in health and survival after age 100: evidence from Danish centenarians.

Jesús-Adrián Alvarez, Anthony Medford, Cosmo Strozza, Mikael Thinggaard, Kaare Christensen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Machine learning prediction of survival in centenarians after age 100: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Life-Course Pathways to Exceptional Longevity: Evidence From the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1921.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Multimorbidity Clusters in the Oldest Old: Results from the EpiChron Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jesús-Adrián AlvarezInterdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark. alvarez@sdu.dk.
Anthony MedfordInterdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
Cosmo StrozzaInterdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
Mikael ThinggaardDanish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
Kaare ChristensenDanish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe existence of a super-select group of centenarians that demonstrates increased survivorship has been hypothesized. However, it is unknown if this super-select group possesses similar characteristics apart from extreme longevity.

methodsIn this study, we analyse high-quality health and survival data of Danish centenarians born in 1895, 1905 and 1910. We use Latent Class Analysis to identify unobserved health classes and to test whether these super-select lives share similar health characteristics.

resultsWe find that, even after age 100, a clear and distinct gradient in health exists and that this gradient is remarkably similar across different birth cohorts of centenarians. Based on the level of health, we identify three clusters of centenarians - robust, frail and intermediate - and show that these groups have different survival prospects. The most distinctive characteristic of the robust centenarians is the outperformance in different health dimensions (physical, functional and cognitive). Finally, we show that our health class categorizations are good predictors of the survival prospects of centenarians.

conclusionsThere is a clear stratification in health and functioning among those over 100 years of age and these differences are associated with survival beyond age 100.

Indexed as

LongevityAged, 80 and overDenmarkHumansCentenarianHealthHeterogeneityLatent class analysisSurvival

Identifiers

PMID34210289
PMCPMC8252309

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.