Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34209189›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2021

Discriminant Validity of the WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment (Amnestic Subtype) and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD) in Greece.

Marianna Tsatali, Eleni Poptsi, Despina Moraitou, Christina Agogiatou, Evaggelia Bakoglidou, Moses Gialaouzidis, Chrysa Papasozomenou, Aikaterini Soumpourou, Magdalini Tsolaki

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Functional magnetic resonance imaging, deep learning, and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2023
    Pooled it
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  5. Cognitive Function, Diabetes, and Recurrent Falls: From the Health ABC Study.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marianna TsataliDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5972-8616
Eleni PoptsiDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2959-8395
Despina MoraitouDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Christina AgogiatouDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evaggelia BakoglidouDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Moses GialaouzidisDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Chrysa PapasozomenouDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Aikaterini SoumpourouDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Magdalini TsolakiDepartment of Psychology, Greek Association of Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2072-8010

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of the current study was to estimate the discriminant potential and validity of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) of the WAIS-R in the Greek elderly population meeting criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; amnestic subtype), or Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD).

methodFour hundred eighty-eight community-dwelling older adults, visitors of the Day Center of Alzheimer Hellas, participated in the study. Two hundred forty-three of them met the criteria for ADD, one hundred eighty-two for aMCI and sixty-three for SCD.

resultsPath analysis indicated that the DSST score is affected by age group, educational level, and diagnostic category, but is not affected by gender. The ROC curve analysis showed that the DSST sum score could perfectly differentiate SCD from ADD patients, whereas test's discriminant potential between aMCI and dementia ADD's subtype was satisfactory. However, DSST was unable to separate the SCD from the aMCI group.

conclusionIt appears that the DSST is unable to separate the SCD from aMCI population. Therefore, the test in question may be insensitive to incipient cognitive decline. On the contrary, the discriminant potential of the DSST as regards SCD and ADD is excellent, while discrimination between aMCI and ADD is good.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD)aMCIcut-off scoresdigit symbol substitution test (DSST)neuropsychologypsychometric toolsvalidation studyWAIS-R

Identifiers

PMID34209189
PMCPMC8301784

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.