ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood levels of omega-3s in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide-Mediated Modulation of Lipid Homeostasis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials-Based Immunotherapy for Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Yin-Yang 1/Neural Precursor Cell-Expressed Developmentally Downregulated 4-Like Axis Suppresses Mer Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Macrophage Efferocytosis to Exacerbate Atherosclerosis Via Triggering Pyroptosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Inflammatory immune mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of psoriasis and atherosclerosis: clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of lipid metabolism and creeping fat in disease assessment and prediction for Crohn's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prodrug Strategies in Atherosclerosis: Targeted Delivery and Therapeutic Advances.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Review
- Nanostructured Delivery Systems for Curcumin: Improving Bioavailability and Plaque-Targeting Efficacy in Atherosclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Ershen Dan attenuates atherosclerosis by modulating the NOTCH1/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway to suppress M1 macrophage polarization.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry and cardiovascular disease subtypes: evidence from NHANES 2007-2012.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Relationship between amino acid metabolism and inflammation in coronary heart disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Uncovering Causal Links Between Dietary Habits and Cardiovascular Diseases.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Genetic variant rs2243115 of the IL-12/IL-35 pathway contributes to the risk of coronary artery disease.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The two coin sides of bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles: atherosclerosis trigger or remedy.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Cholesterol and Cytokines: Molecular Links to Atherosclerosis and Carcinogenesis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- Geniposide for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review on its biological characteristics, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress-Mediated Programmed Cell Death: a Potential Therapy Target for Atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a well-known global health problem. Despite the high prevalence of the disease, numerous aspects of pathogenesis remain unclear. Subsequently, there are still no cure or adequate preventive measures available. Atherogenesis is now considered a complex interplay between lipid metabolism alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Inflammation in atherogenesis involves cellular elements of both innate (such as macrophages and monocytes) and adaptive immunity (such as B-cells and T-cells), as well as various cytokines cascades. Because inflammation is, in general, a well-investigated therapeutic target, and strategies for controlling inflammation have been successfully used to combat a number of other diseases, inflammation seems to be the preferred target for the treatment of atherosclerosis as well. In this review, we summarized data on targeting the most studied inflammatory molecular targets, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Studies in animal models have shown the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy, while clinical studies revealed the incompetence of existing data, which blocks the development of an effective atheroprotective drug. However, all data on cytokine targeting give evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy can be a part of a complex treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.