Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34209044›Full record

ReviewGenes2021

Molecular Genetics and Complex Inheritance of Congenital Heart Disease.

Nicholas S Diab, Syndi Barish, Weilai Dong, Shujuan Zhao, Garrett Allington, Xiaobing Yu, Kristopher T Kahle, Martina Brueckner, Sheng Chih Jin

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Genes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  19. Current and future diagnostics of congenital heart disease (CHD).Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicholas S DiabDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Syndi BarishDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Weilai DongDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Shujuan ZhaoDepartment of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Garrett AllingtonDepartment of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5458-6129
Xiaobing YuDepartment of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3270-0573
Kristopher T KahleDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Martina BruecknerDepartment of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Sheng Chih JinDepartment of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Yale University · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM136651 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BARBARA I KAZMIERCZAK · 2020 to 2026
$16.5M
Genetic determinants of human heterotaxy and aortic arch malformationU01HL098162 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BRUECKNER, MARTINA, GRUBER, PETER J · 2009 to 2024
$5.9M
Cilia in Heart Development and DiseaseR35HL145249 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BRUECKNER, MARTINA · 2019 to 2025
$5.2M
Human Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital HydrocephalusR01NS111029 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DENIZ, ENGIN, JIN, SHENG CHIH · 2020 to 2024
$2.5M
Modulation of Choroid Plexus Immuno-secretory Function to Restore Cerebrospinal Fluid Homeostasis in HydrocephalusR01NS109358 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Kristopher T. Kahle · 2018 to 2026
$2.4M
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Congenital Heart DiseaseR00HL143036 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JIN, SHENG CHIH · 2020 to 2022
$730k
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Congenital Heart DiseaseK99HL143036 · NHLBI · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI JIN, SHENG CHIH · 2019 to 2019
$178k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL143036NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL143036NHLBI NIH HHS R35 HL145249NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL098162NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136651NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS109358NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS111029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation and the leading cause of mortality therein. Genetic etiologies contribute to an estimated 90% of CHD cases, but so far, a molecular diagnosis remains unsolved in up to 55% of patients. Copy number variations and aneuploidy account for ~23% of cases overall, and high-throughput genomic technologies have revealed additional types of genetic variation in CHD. The first CHD risk genotypes identified through high-throughput sequencing were de novo mutations, many of which occur in chromatin modifying genes. Murine models of cardiogenesis further support the damaging nature of chromatin modifying CHD mutations. Transmitted mutations have also been identified through sequencing of population scale CHD cohorts, and many transmitted mutations are enriched in cilia genes and Notch or VEGF pathway genes. While we have come a long way in identifying the causes of CHD, more work is required to end the diagnostic odyssey for all CHD families. Complex genetic explanations of CHD are emerging but will require increasingly sophisticated analysis strategies applied to very large CHD cohorts before they can come to fruition in providing molecular diagnoses to genetically unsolved patients. In this review, we discuss the genetic architecture of CHD and biological pathways involved in its pathogenesis.

Indexed as

DNA Copy Number VariationsMultifactorial InheritanceMutationHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansMolecular Biologycomplex inheritancecongenital heart diseasegeneticsgenomic medicinegenomicshistone marksnext-generation sequencingprecision medicinerare disease

Identifiers

PMID34209044
PMCPMC8307500
OpenAlexW3174387110

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.