ArticleBrain sciences2021
Anemia and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Chronic Cerebral Hypoxia and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Chronic Mountain Sickness, Anemia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- A comparative analysis of heme vs non-heme iron administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Tooth loss and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Coexisting Anemia and Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Relation to Memory-Related Cognitive Outcomes: Evidence From CHARLS With Exploratory Support From ELSA.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- The chain-mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between symptom clusters and perceived cognitive function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors: a cross-sectional study of 556 participants.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Computational assessment of memory function in kidney transplant recipients and donors.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Iron deficiency and dementia risk: evidence from the Swedish population-based cohort study AMORIS.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk of Anemia in People With Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Anemia · 2026Review
- Association of the HALP score with baseline and incident physical-cognitive comorbidity and mortality: evidence from the WCHAT and UK Biobank cohorts.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association Between SGLT-2 Inhibitors Use and Incidence of Anemia in Female Patients Undergoing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Study.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between anemia and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- What Information do Systemic Pathological Changes Bring to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Lung Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Anemia and cerebrovascular disease: pathophysiological insights and clinical implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Associations between oral health measures and cognitive function in middle aged and older Indian adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between hemoglobin levels and cerebral white matter volume in a general older Japanese population: the Iki-Iki study.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence, sub-types, and associated factors of anemia among inpatients at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clinical implication of anemia in older patients with dementia with lewy bodies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Genetic Markers of Postmortem Brain Iron.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly disorders in the elderly worldwide. The magnitude of the association between anemia and overall cognitive impairment (OCI) has not been established.
objectiveWe aimed to update and expand previous evidence of the association between anemia and the risk of OCI.
methodsWe conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for published observational studies and clinical trials between 1 January 1990 and 1 June 2020. We excluded articles that were in the form of a review, letter to editors, short reports, and studies with less than 50 participants. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. We estimated summary risk ratios (RRs) with random effects.
resultsA total of 20 studies, involving 6558 OCI patients were included. Anemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of OCI (adjusted RR (aRR) 1.39 (95% CI, 1.25-1.55;
conclusionThis updated meta-analysis shows that patients with anemia appear to have a nearly 1.39-fold risk of developing OCI than those without anemia. The magnitude of this risk underscores the importance of improving anemia patients' health outcomes, particularly in elderly patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.