ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review.
Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of propolis-modified glass ionomer cement on antimicrobial activity and physico-mechanical properties: a systematic review.Odontology · 2026Pooled it
- Enhanced H. pylori Treatment Using a β-Cyclodextrin-Propolis Complex: A Randomized Clinical Trial.BioMed research international · 2026Trial
- Effect of propolis mouthwash on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a comparative randomized triple-blind clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Supplementation on the Inflammatory State, Oxidative Stress, and Uremic Toxins in dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- LC-QTOF-MS Chemical Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Blue Geopropolis: An Emerging Type of Brazilian Propolis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Geopropolis From Four Melipona Species From the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Antibacterial, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Propolis Extracts Obtained Using Different Solvents Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evidence and Clinical Applications of Natural Products in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review of Clinoptilolite, Ozone Therapy, Propolis, and Phytotherapy.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Antiviral activity of the aqueous extract of twelve monthly-collections of propolis from Barra do Corda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the Effect of Propolis and Its Derivatives AgainstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Larvicidal and antioxidant potential of Iranian Propolis againstVeterinary world · 2026Article
- Propolis Supplementation and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adults at Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Antimycin A inhibits alpha-herpesvirus replication by disrupting the formation of pyrimidinosomes.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Indonesian stingless bee propolis extract attenuates hepatic inflammation following a chronic high-saturated fat diet.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Antibacterial Investigation of Saharan Propolis Coating on Conventional Surgical Threads.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Article
- Characteristics and Physical Properties of Indonesian Stingless Bee (International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Propolis Exerts Antibiofilm Activity Against Methicillin-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Recent developments and innovative application of propolis in the food industry: a natural preservative from honeybee waste.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates. Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host's cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.