ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design Using an Immunoinformatic Approach for SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- In silico design and immunogenicity evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine against EV-A71.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- In Silico Development of a Chimeric Multi-Epitope Vaccine TargetingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In silico design and evaluation of a multiepitope vaccine against Bordetella pertussis: structural, immunological, and biological properties.Genomics & informatics · 2025Article
- Article
- A plant secretory sequence enhances immunogenicity of electroporated COVID-19 DNA vaccines.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mosaic vaccine design targeting mutational spike protein of SAR-SCoV-2: An immunoinformatics approach.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Designing multifunctional recombinant vaccines: an engineering strategy based on innovative epitope prediction-guided splicing.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Article
- BCEDB: a linear B-cell epitopes database for SARS-CoV-2.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2023Article
- A Newly Identified Spike Protein Targeted Linear B-Cell Epitope Based Dissolvable Microneedle Array Successfully Eliciting Neutralizing Activities against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type Strain in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- State of the art in epitope mapping and opportunities in COVID-19.Future science OA · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccines: Computational tools and Development.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2023Review
- Analyzing the Systems Biology Effects of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines to Assess Their Safety and Putative Side Effects.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Peptides for Vaccine Development.ACS applied bio materials · 2022Review
- Computational construction of a glycoprotein multi-epitope subunit vaccine candidate for old and new South-African SARS-CoV-2 virus strains.Informatics in medicine unlocked · 2022Article
- Predicting epitopes for vaccine development using bioinformatics tools.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Through 4 June 2021, COVID-19 has caused over 172.84 million cases of infection and 3.71 million deaths worldwide. Due to its rapid dissemination and high mutation rate, it is essential to develop a vaccine harboring multiple epitopes and efficacious against multiple variants to prevent the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2. An in silico approach based on the viral genome was applied to identify 19 high-immunogenic B-cell epitopes and 499 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T-cell epitopes. Thirty multi-epitope peptide vaccines were designed by iNeo-Suite and manufactured by solid-phase synthesis. Docking analysis confirmed stable hydrogen bonds of epitopes with their corresponding HLA alleles. When four peptide candidates derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were selected to immunize mice, a significantly larger amount of total IgG in serum, as well as an increase of CD19+ cells in the inguinal lymph nodes, were observed in the peptide-immunized mice compared to the control. The ratios of IFN-γ-secreting lymphocytes in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells in the peptide-immunized mice were higher than those in the control mice. There were also a larger number of IFN-γ-secreting T-cells in the spleens of peptide-immunized mice. The peptide vaccines in this study successfully elicited antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. To further validate the safety and efficacy of this vaccine, animal studies using a primate model, as well as clinical trials in humans, are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.