Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34207726›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021

Application of YOLOv4 for Detection and Motion Monitoring of Red Foxes.

Anne K Schütz, Verena Schöler, E Tobias Krause, Mareike Fischer, Thomas Müller, Conrad M Freuling, Franz J Conraths, Mario Stanke, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Hartmut H K Lentz

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Development of a Slow Loris Computer Vision Detection Model.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Computer Vision for Detection of Body Posture and Behavior of Red Foxes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Anne K SchützFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1964-8600
Verena SchölerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany.
E Tobias KrauseFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8327-3711
Mareike FischerInstitute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9429-0859
Thomas MüllerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0959-3653
Conrad M FreulingFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1076-398X
Franz J ConrathsFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7400-9409
Mario StankeInstitute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8696-0384
Timo Homeier-BachmannFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8135-3814
Hartmut H K LentzFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1713-9506
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DEUniversität Greifswald · DE

Funding

Fridedirch-Loeffler-Institut Ri-0378
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal activity is an indicator for its welfare and manual observation is time and cost intensive. To this end, automatic detection and monitoring of live captive animals is of major importance for assessing animal activity, and, thereby, allowing for early recognition of changes indicative for diseases and animal welfare issues. We demonstrate that machine learning methods can provide a gap-less monitoring of red foxes in an experimental lab-setting, including a classification into activity patterns. Therefore, bounding boxes are used to measure fox movements, and, thus, the activity level of the animals. We use computer vision, being a non-invasive method for the automatic monitoring of foxes. More specifically, we train the existing algorithm 'you only look once' version 4 (YOLOv4) to detect foxes, and the trained classifier is applied to video data of an experiment involving foxes. As we show, computer evaluation outperforms other evaluation methods. Application of automatic detection of foxes can be used for detecting different movement patterns. These, in turn, can be used for animal behavioral analysis and, thus, animal welfare monitoring. Once established for a specific animal species, such systems could be used for animal monitoring in real-time under experimental conditions, or other areas of animal husbandry.

Indexed as

animal activityanimal monitoringcomputer visionred foxesYOLOv4

Identifiers

PMID34207726
PMCPMC8228056
OpenAlexW3168932711

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.