Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34207653›Full record

ReviewCancers2021

Leptomeningeal Metastases from Solid Tumors: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Molecular Approaches.

Alessia Pellerino, Priscilla K Brastianos, Roberta Rudà, Riccardo Soffietti

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Alessia PellerinoDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3243-0059
Priscilla K BrastianosMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Roberta RudàDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Riccardo SoffiettiDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9204-7038
Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention · ITHarvard University · USOspedale Castelfranco Veneto · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors represent an unmet need of increasing importance due to an early use of MRI for diagnosis and improvement of outcome of some molecular subgroups following targeted agents and immunotherapy. In this review, we first discussed factors limiting the efficacy of targeted agents in LM, such as the molecular divergence between primary tumors and CNS lesions and CNS barriers at the level of the normal brain, brain tumors and CSF. Further, we reviewed pathogenesis and experimental models and modalities, such as MRI (with RANO and ESO/ESMO criteria), CSF cytology and liquid biopsy, to improve diagnosis and monitoring following therapy. Efficacy and limitations of targeted therapies for LM from EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged NSCLC, HER2-positive breast cancer and BRAF-mutated melanomas are reported, including the use of intrathecal administration or modification of traditional cytotoxic compounds. The efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in LM from non-druggable tumors, in particular triple-negative breast cancer, is discussed. Last, we focused on some recent techniques to improve drug delivery.

Indexed as

ALK-rearranged NSCLCblood–brain barrierBRAF-mutated melanomaEGFR-mutated NSCLCHER2-enriched breast cancerimmunotherapyleptomeningeal metastasesliquid biopsytriple-negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID34207653
PMCPMC8227730
OpenAlexW3172623270

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.