New Perspectives in Stroke Management: Old Issues and New Pathways.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide and social burden is huge in terms of disabilities, mortality and healthcare costs. Recently, in an acute stroke setting, renewed interest in disease-modifying therapies and novel approaches has led to enhanced recovery and the reduction of long-term disabilities of patients who suffered a stroke. In the last few years, the basic principle "time is brain" was overcome and better results came through the implementation of novel neuroimaging tools in acute clinical practice, allowing one to extend acute treatments to patients who were previously excluded on the basis of only a temporal selection. Recent studies about thrombectomy have allowed the time window to be extended up to 24 h after symptoms onset using advanced neuroradiological tools, such as computer tomography perfusion (CTP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to select stroke patients. Moreover, a more effective acute management of stroke patients in dedicated wards (stroke units) and the use of new drugs for stroke prevention, such as novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for atrial fibrillation, have allowed for significant clinical improvements. In this editorial paper, we summarize the current knowledge about the main stroke-related advances and perspectives and their relevance in stroke care, highlighting recent developments in the definition, management, treatment, and prevention of acute and chronic complications of stroke. Then, we present some papers published in the Special Issue "Clinical Research on Ischemic Stroke: Novel Approaches in Acute and Chronic Phase".