ReviewViruses2021
The Link between Cannabis Use, Immune System, and Viral Infections.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Guideline
- Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol exposure shifts eosinophil and macrophage transcriptional programs toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype in helminth infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Impact of cannabis, benzodiazepines, and methamphetamine use on inflammatory and hepatic biomarkers in Benin City, Nigeria: a case-control study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of cannabis use and tobacco smoking on outcomes of open carpal tunnel release surgery: a nationwide study in the United States.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Single cell multiomic analysis of the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on HIV infected CD4 T cells.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Cannabis Use and Outcomes in Breast Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- A single-nucleus multiome analysis of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility reveals cell-type-specific immune modulation for chronic cannabis use among people with HIV infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nationwide outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients with cannabis use disorder.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Viral Vertical Transmission through the Placenta: The Potential of Natural Products as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antiviral Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- Association of substance use and vaginal infection with UTI in adolescent pregnant patients: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The association between cannabis use and adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines: prospective analyses from the French CONSTANCES cohort and SAPRIS survey.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Interactions Between Iron Metabolism and the Endocannabinoid System in Bacterial Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of maternal edible THC consumption on offspring lung growth and function in a rhesus macaque model.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotyping among healthy adult populations in the United States and Europe: results from the PROGRESS (PRevalence of Oral hpv infection, a Global aSSessment) study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol, a Strategy in Aging to Improve Redox State and Immunity in Male Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- DNA methylation and gene expression of immune cell markers in adolescents with chronic cannabis use: an exploratory study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids against viral infections: a review of its potential use in SARS-CoV2 infection.Virusdisease · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the immune system status and hematological dyscrasias, among amphetamine and cannabis abusers at Eradah Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Incidence of oncogenic HPV infection in women with and without mental illness: A population-based cohort study in Sweden.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabis continues to be the most used drug in the world today. Research shows that cannabis use is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences that may involve almost every physiological and biochemical system including respiratory/pulmonary complications such as chronic cough and emphysema, impairment of immune function, and increased risk of acquiring or transmitting viral infections such as HIV, HCV, and others. The review of published research shows that cannabis use may impair immune function in many instances and thereby exerts an impact on viral infections including human immune deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C infection (HCV), and human T-cell lymphotropic type I and II virus (HTLV-I/II). The need for more research is also highlighted in the areas of long-term effects of cannabis use on pulmonary/respiratory diseases, immune dysfunction and the risk of infection transmission, and the molecular/genetic basis of immune dysfunction in chronic cannabis users.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.