ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Illegal Wildlife Trade and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Pervasive Impacts to Species, Ecosystems and Human Health.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of health risk assessment in Africa's bushmeat trade: Are there any risks assessed?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Wildlife Trade and Genetic Basis of Disease Susceptibility: A Review.International journal of immunogenetics · 2026Review
- How illegal wildlife trade adheres to and defies conventional market behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From Forest Extraction to Digital Markets: Illegal Macaw Trade and Adaptive Monitoring for Forest Wildlife Resilience.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Combining detection dogs with air extraction methodology to expose wildlife trafficking in containerized cargo.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026Article
- First report on aInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- First molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Indonesian cobras (Naja sputatrix and Naja sumatrana).Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- A review of drivers of emerging infectious diseases within the wildlife-human-domestic animal interface in the West Pacific Tropics.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Endoparasite Prevalence in the Mountain Bongo (Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- No evidence of zoonotic viruses in selected captive and wild-caught grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the ashanti region of ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Detect and Trace: An Australian Field Trial Using Machine-Learning Tools to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Use of Animal-Derived Products for Medicinal and Belief-Based Purposes in Urban Cities of Southwestern Nigeria: A One Health Perspective.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Parasites in Marmosets (Callithrix Spp.) From Southern Brazil: Insights From a One Health Perspective.Journal of medical primatology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Wildlife Trade Monitoring in the European Union-No Need to Reinvent the Wheel.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- A first insight into the occurrence ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Integrating socio-ecosystemic factors in One Health approaches: a scoping review in zoonotic disease research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Molecular characterization ofParasitology · 2025Article
- First European record of Rickettsia bellii in Amblyomma rotundatum from Rhinella marina imported to Poland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2025Article
- Wildlife Pathogens and Zoonotic Disease Risk Assessment in Vietnam: A Wildlife Trade Hotspot.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World.Viruses · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging infectious disease (EID) events can be traced to anthropogenic factors, including the movement of wildlife through legal and illegal trade. This paper focuses on the link between illegal wildlife trade (IWT) and infectious disease pathogens. A literature review through Web of Science and relevant conference proceedings from 1990 to 2020 resulted in documenting 82 papers and 240 identified pathogen cases. Over 60% of the findings referred to pathogens with known zoonotic potential and five cases directly referenced zoonotic spillover events. The diversity of pathogens by taxa included 44 different pathogens in birds, 47 in mammals, 16 in reptiles, two in amphibians, two in fish, and one in invertebrates. This is the highest diversity of pathogen types in reported literature related to IWT. However, it is likely not a fully representative sample due to needed augmentation of surveillance and monitoring of IWT and more frequent pathogen testing on recovered shipments. The emergence of infectious disease through human globalization has resulted in several pandemics in the last decade including SARS, MERS, avian influenza H1N1,and Ebola. We detailed the growing body of literature on this topic since 2008 and highlight the need to detect, document, and prevent spillovers from high-risk human activities, such as IWT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.