ArticleVaccines2021
BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fine specificity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in patients with COVID-19.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Surrogate virus neutralization test to determine salivary neutralizing antibody inhibition of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD complex.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Avidity maturation of anti-spike IgG after vaccination in COVID-19 convalescent vs COVID-19 naïve patients.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Avidity maturation of humoral response following primary and booster doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among nursing home residents and healthcare workers.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Symptomatology and IgG Levels before and after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Individuals.Vaccines · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike antibody levels and avidity in natural infection or following vaccination with mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Induction of neutralizing antibodies in CLL patients after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a monocentric experience.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Variation in antibody titers determined by Abbott and Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assays in vaccinated healthcare workers.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: induction of high-avidity anti-RBD neutralizing antibodies.International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Dynamics of Anti-S IgG Antibodies Titers after the Second Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Manual and Craft Worker Population of Qatar.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines.PloS one · 2023Article
- The neutralizing response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 in COVID-19 patients and homologous and heterologous vaccinees.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Observational
- Variation in the Humoral Immune Response Induced by the Administration of the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Absolute Quantitation of Serum Antibody Reactivity Using the Richards Growth Model for Antigen Microspot Titration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An Association Study of HLA with the Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Specific IgG Antibody Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy after BNT162b2 vaccination in a patient with antibodies against receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 and signal recognition particle.Muscle & nerve · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The BNT162b2 vaccine, containing lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, has been employed to immunize health care workers in Italy, administered in two doses 21 days apart. In this study, we characterized the antibody response induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of health care workers, tested at baseline, after the first dose and after the booster. Thirty-nine subjects without previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine. IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) were tested by ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies were evaluated testing the inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2. Antibody avidity was measured by urea avidity ELISA. IgM anti-RBD are produced after the first dose of vaccine and persist after the booster. IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are detected in high amounts in all the subjects after the first dose and further increase after the booster. A few subjects, already after the first dose, produce antibodies inhibiting RBD interaction with ACE2. After the booster, high levels of inhibitory antibodies are detected in all the subjects. Affinity maturation takes place with boosting and IgG anti-RBD avidity increases with the number of immunizations. A less pronounced increase is observed with IgA. These data indicate that the BNT162b2 vaccine can induce high levels of protective antibodies of high avidity in vaccinated subjects; both IgG and IgA anti-RBD antibodies are produced. Further studies are needed to evaluate antibody persistence over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.