ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Objective Assessment of Chronic Pain in Horses Using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS): A Scale-Construction Study.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- "Do not look at me like that": Is the facial expression score reliable and accurate to evaluate pain in large domestic animals? A systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Preliminary investigation of equine veterinary hospital staff attitudes towards pain assessment in a single centre.The Veterinary record · 2026Article
- Drivers of decision making in pain diagnosis and treatment: Findings from an ethnographic study of veterinary practice.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Client-specific outcome measure for chronic osteoarthritis pain assessment in horses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Sleep architecture and lying behavior in horses across age groups and two housing systems: an overnight non-invasive EEG study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Platelet-rich plasma-contained drug delivery systems to treat orthopedic injuries.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Introducing an Innovative Pain Scale for Assessing Postpartum Pain in Mares: Preliminary Clinical Evaluation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Application of the horse grimace scale in horses with dental disease: Preliminary findings.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
- No More Evasion: Redefining Conflict Behaviour in Human-Horse Interactions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Enhancing equine welfare: a qualitative study on the impact of RAiSE (Recognizing Affective States in Equine) as an educational tool.Translational animal science · 2025Article
- Owners' everyday interactions with their horse: Pain-related issues and those of veterinary concern.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Article
- Advances in the Clinical Diagnostics to Equine Back Pain: A Review of Imaging and Functional Modalities.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Development and Preliminary Validation of an Equine Brief Pain Inventory for Owner Assessment of Chronic Pain Due to Osteoarthritis in Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Changes in the equine facial repertoire during different orthopedic pain intensities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration as part of an analgesic regimen.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Investigating conditioned pain modulation in horses: can the lip-twitch be used as a conditioning stimulus?Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Role of cannabidiolic acid or the combination of cannabigerol/cannabidiol in pain modulation and welfare improvement in horses with chronic osteoarthritis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Development, refinement, and validation of an equine musculoskeletal pain scale.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Effect of Chiropractic Treatment on Limb Lameness and Concurrent Axial Skeleton Pain and Dysfunction in Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse's life.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
The objective assessment of chronic pain is of utmost importance for improving welfare and quality of life in horses. Freedom from disease and pain is one of the 'five freedoms' that are necessary for animal welfare. The aim of this study was to develop a pain scale for the assessment of chronic pain in horses (Horse Chronic Pain Scale; HCPS), which is based on behavioural and facial expressions. The scale was used to assess 53 horses (26 horses diagnosed with chronic painful conditions by means of clinical examination and additional diagnostic procedures (consisting of osteoarthritis, chronic laminitis, chronic back and neck problems, chronic dental disorders) and 27 healthy control animals). Animals were assessed once daily for three consecutive days by two observers that were blinded to the condition of the animals and were unaware of any analgesic treatment regimens. The HCPS consists of two parts, the Horse Chronic Pain Composite Pain Scale (HCP CPS, with behavioural parameters) and the EQUUS-FAP (Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain). The HCP CPS had good inter-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.84,
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