ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Dexamethasone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimization and formulation of cyclosporine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the management of dry eye syndrome by using centre composite design approaches.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Research progress in animal models of dry eye disease: Types, mechanisms, and application prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in dry eye disease: from immunopathological mechanisms to emerging ophthalmic drug delivery systems.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Polyphenolic protection: the role of mangiferin in mitigating neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Advances in Controlled Release Formulations for Ocular Diseases: Improving Patient Compliance and Therapeutic Outcomes.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
- Recent Achievements and Perspectives in Smart Nano-in-Micro Platforms for Ocular Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Development, Optimization, and Clinical Relevance of Lactoferrin Delivery Systems: A Focus on Ocular Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Drug delivery methods based on nanotechnology for the treatment of eye diseases.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Molecular nature of ocular surface barrier function, diseases that affect it, and its relevance for ocular drug delivery.The ocular surface · 2023Review
- An Overview of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and its Application in Drug Delivery through Different Routes.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Review
- Intricate insights into immune response in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Recent Progress of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recent Progress of Lipid Nanoparticles-Based Lipophilic Drug Delivery: Focus on Surface Modifications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transscleral Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate: Development, Ex Vivo Characterization and Multiphoton Microscopy Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Combined Therapy of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by a Dual-Drug Nanocomposite Formulation with Berberine and Dexamethasone.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Sorafenib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical ocular therapy of corneal neovascularization: development,Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Formulation and Evaluation of Moxifloxacin Loaded Bilosomes In-Situ Gel: Optimization to Antibacterial Evaluation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Hybrid Nanobeads for Oral Indomethacin Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a chronic multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface caused by tear film dysfunction. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, discomfort and visual disturbance, and standard treatment includes the use of lubricants and topical steroids. Secondary inflammation plays a prominent role in the development and propagation of this debilitating condition. To address this we have investigated the pilot scale development of an innovative drug delivery system using a dexamethasone-encapsulated cholesterol-Labrafac™ lipophile nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ophthalmic formulation, which could be developed as an eye drop to treat DED and any associated acute exacerbations. After rapid screening of a range of laboratory scale pre-formulations, the chosen formulation was prepared at pilot scale with a particle size of 19.51 ± 0.5 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.6 ± 0.5%, a PDI of 0.08, and an extended stability of 6 months at 4 °C. This potential ophthalmic formulation was observed to have high tolerability and internalization capacity for human corneal epithelial cells, with similar behavior demonstrated on ex vivo porcine cornea studies, suggesting suitable distribution on the ocular surface. Further, ELISA was used to study the impact of the pilot scale formulation on a range of inflammatory biomarkers. The most successful dexamethasone-loaded NLC showed a 5-fold reduction of TNF-α production over dexamethasone solution alone, with comparable results for MMP-9 and IL-6. The ease of formulation, scalability, performance and biomarker assays suggest that this NLC formulation could be a viable option for the topical treatment of DED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.