ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Combined Effect of Lead Exposure and Allostatic Load on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality-A Preliminary Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Allostatic Load and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Lead exposure, glucocorticoids, and physiological stress across the life course: A systematic review.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Pooled it
- Disparities in Allostatic Load Among Different Races: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Sociodemographic determinants and temporal variability of blood lead levels (2003-2019) in a pooled analysis of nine studies in four European countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oil spill cleanup related exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane and incident diabetes mellitus.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Combined Effects of Social and Behavioral Factors on Stress and Depression.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global ischemic heart disease burden attributable to environmental risk factors, 1990-2021: an Age-Period-Cohort analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Combined Effects of Environmental Metals and Physiological Stress on Lipid Dysregulation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessment of EMR ML Mining Methods for Measuring Association between Metal Mixture and Mortality for Hypertension.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Associations of prenatal and childhood Pb exposure with allostatic load in adolescence: Findings from the ELEMENT cohort study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Identifying Sources of Lead Exposure for Children in the Republic of Georgia, with Lead Isotope Ratios.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Review
- Soil and water pollution and human health: what should cardiologists worry about?Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- Stress Experience, Depression and Neck Disability in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder-Myofascial Pain with Referral.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Potential Health Risks of Lead Exposure from Early Life through Later Life: Implications for Public Health Education.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Toxicoepigenetics and Environmental Health: Challenges and Opportunities.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Review
- Allostatic load in the context of disasters.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- The Association between Multiple Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances' Serum Levels and Allostatic Load.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Interaction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Allostatic Load among Adults in Various Occupations.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Investigation of Differences in Allostatic Load among Black Men by Level of Educational Attainment: High School Graduates Experience the Highest Levels of Stress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study explores the combined effect of lead (Pb) exposure and an index of chronic physiological stress on cardiovascular disease mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2008 linked to 1999-2014 National Death Index data. Chronic physiological stress was measured using the allostatic load (AL) index, which was formed by analyzing markers from the cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic systems, with Pb levels, assessed using blood lead levels (BLL). The dataset was analyzed with statistical techniques to explore (a) the relationship between Pb exposure and AL, and (b) the combined role of Pb and AL on cardiovascular disease mortality. Results indicated that AL was more elevated in those with BLLs above the 50th percentile in the US population and that those with elevated AL were more likely to have high BLL. Finally, the interaction of AL and BLL significantly increased the likelihood of cardiovascular disease mortality. These findings highlight the need for considering the totality of exposures experienced by populations to build holistic programs to prevent Pb exposure and reduce stressors to promote optimal health outcomes and reduce cardiovascular mortality risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.