ArticleVaccines2021
The Beauty of Simplicity: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction to Measure Cellular Immune Responses in RNA-SARS-Cov-2 Vaccinated Individuals.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype Is Independently Associated with Differential Short-Term Cutaneous Reactivity Following Standardized Topical Provocation in Humans.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Clinical Validation of a Skin Test for In Vivo Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Specific T-Cell Immunity.Viruses · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers key immune drivers of vaccine efficacy in cattle.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Intradermal skin test with mRNA vaccines as a surrogate marker of T cell immunity in immunocompromised patients.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
- Early riser specific immune cell response by delayed-type hypersensitivity in a kidney transplant patient vaccinated against COVID-19.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Late Hypersensitivity Reactions to the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Are Linked to Delayed Skin Sensitization and Prior Exposure to Hyaluronic Acid.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sensitization to trometamol in patients with delayed local reactions after administration of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Article
- Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Allergological study in patients vaccinated against COVID-19 with suspected allergic reactions.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Article
- Peculiarities of the T Cell Immune Response in COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Review
- A review of hypersensitivity methods to detect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.Methods in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMonitoring cellular immune responses elicited in vaccinated individuals is highly complicated.
methods28 individuals participated during the vaccination process with 12 BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer) vaccine. Specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA was performed in days 10 and 20 (after one dose of the vaccine) and on day 35 (after two vaccine doses) in serum samples of all participants. In parallel, DTH (delayed-type hypersensitivity) Skin Test using S protein was performed before (11/28) and after two doses (28/28) of the vaccine.
results6/28 individuals were considered positive for the specific anti-RBD IgG positive at day 10, whereas all 28 individuals were positive at day 20. Moreover, 28/28 individuals increased the OD ratios at day 36 (2 doses). DTH cutaneous test was performed on 11/28 participants at day 20 (1 dose) showing 8/11 a positive reaction at 12 h. DTH of all participants was performed on day 36 (2 doses), showing 28/28 positive reactions at 12 h.
conclusionThis report describes the first publication of the results obtained using an in vivo method, the classical DTH response to the Spike protein to assess T-cell immune responses in vaccinated individuals. This affordable and simple test would help to answer basic immunogenicity questions on large-scale population vaccine studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.