Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34205869›Full record

ArticleVaccines2021

Effect of Preexisting Immunity to Tetanus Toxoid on the Efficacy of Tetanus Toxoid-Conjugated Heroin Vaccine in Mice.

Essie Komla, Oscar B Torres, Rashmi Jalah, Agnieszka Sulima, Zoltan Beck, Carl R Alving, Arthur E Jacobson, Kenner C Rice, Gary R Matyas

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 56% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Essie KomlaLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Oscar B TorresLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Rashmi JalahLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Agnieszka SulimaDrug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3373, USA.
Zoltan BeckLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Carl R AlvingLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Arthur E JacobsonDrug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3373, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0011-8354
Kenner C RiceDrug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3373, USA.
Gary R MatyasLaboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2074-2373
Henry M. Jackson Foundation · USNational Institute on Drug Abuse · USWalter Reed Army Institute of Research · US

Funding

Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Acting on Central and Peripheral Opioid ReceptorsZIADA000527 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI RICE, KENNER · 2009 to 2025
$23.2M
INTERACT Meeting with FDA on Cohort Design and Development of ALFQ as an Adjuvant for Heroin VaccineUG3DA048351 · NIDA · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI MATYAS, GARY R. · 2018 to 2019
$8.2M
Development of a Practical Heroin-HIV VaccineDP1DA034787 · NIDA · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI MATYAS, GARY R. · 2012 to 2016
$7.2M
NIDA NIH HHS 1DP1DA034787-01NIDA NIH HHS UG3 DA048351NIDA NIH HHS UG3DA048351
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has dramatically increased over the last decade. Although current therapies for the management of OUD can be effective, they have limitations. The complementary strategy to combat the opioid crisis is the development of a conjugate vaccine to generate high affinity antibodies in order to neutralize opioids in circulation before reaching the brain. The components of an opioid vaccine include an opioid hapten (6-AmHap) that is conjugated to a carrier protein (tetanus toxoid) with the addition of adjuvants (Army Liposome Formulation adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide-ALFA). There is no consensus in the literature as to whether preexisting immunity to the carrier protein may impact the immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine by inducing an enhanced or suppressed immune response to the hapten. Here, we investigated whether pre-exposure to tetanus toxoid would affect the immunogenicity and efficacy of the heroin vaccine, TT-6-AmHap. Mice were primed with diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine at weeks -4 and -2, then immunized with TT-6-AmHap vaccine at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Using ELISA and behavioral assays, we found that preexisting immunity to tetanus toxoid had no influence on the immunogenicity and efficacy of the TT-6-AmHap vaccine.

Indexed as

conjugate vaccineheroin vaccinepreexisting immunitytetanus toxoidvaccine efficacy

Identifiers

PMID34205869
PMCPMC8229309
OpenAlexW3170867884

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.