Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34205567›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Measurement of Ex Vivo Liver, Brain and Pancreas Thermal Properties as Function of Temperature.

Ahad Mohammadi, Leonardo Bianchi, Somayeh Asadi, Paola Saccomandi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Feasibility of thermal dose painting during magnetic nanoparticle thermal therapy: a computational analysis.International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2026
    Article
  2. Closing the Loop: High-Precision 3D Photofabrication in Living Tissues.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. A Thin Film Transistor Backplane for Scalable Chronic Neural Interfaces.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. A Roadmap to Holographic Focused Ultrasound Approaches for Generating Gradient Thermal Patterns.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Simulation of Image-Guided Microwave Ablation Therapy Using a Digital Twin Computational Model.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ahad MohammadiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Leonardo BianchiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6100-0862
Somayeh AsadiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Paola SaccomandiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4236-8033
Politecnico di Milano · IT

Funding

Fondazione Cariplo 2017-2075H2020 European Research Council 759159
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to predict heat transfer during hyperthermal and ablative techniques for cancer treatment relies on understanding the thermal properties of biological tissue. In this work, the thermal properties of ex vivo liver, pancreas and brain tissues are reported as a function of temperature. The thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of these tissues were measured in the temperature range from 22 to around 97 °C. Concerning the pancreas, a phase change occurred around 45 °C; therefore, its thermal properties were investigated only until this temperature. Results indicate that the thermal properties of the liver and brain have a non-linear relationship with temperature in the investigated range. In these tissues, the thermal properties were almost constant until 60 to 70 °C and then gradually changed until 92 °C. In particular, the thermal conductivity increased by 100% for the brain and 60% for the liver up to 92 °C, while thermal diffusivity increased by 90% and 40%, respectively. However, the heat capacity did not significantly change in this temperature range. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were dramatically increased from 92 to 97 °C, which seems to be due to water vaporization and state transition in the tissues. Moreover, the measurement uncertainty, determined at each temperature, increased after 92 °C. In the temperature range of 22 to 45 °C, the thermal properties of pancreatic tissue did not change significantly, in accordance with the results for the brain and liver. For the three tissues, the best fit curves are provided with regression analysis based on measured data to predict the tissue thermal behavior. These curves describe the temperature dependency of tissue thermal properties in a temperature range relevant for hyperthermia and ablation treatments and may help in constructing more accurate models of bioheat transfer for optimization and pre-planning of thermal procedures.

Indexed as

Hyperthermia, InducedBrainHot TemperatureLiverPancreasTemperatureThermal Conductivitybrainex vivo studyliverpancreastemperature dependencethermal properties

Identifiers

PMID34205567
PMCPMC8235733
OpenAlexW3176903445

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.