ArticleViruses2021
Improving Phage-Biofilm In Vitro Experimentation.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the use of bacteriophages for in vitro biofilm control.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Phage Genomics and Bioinformatics in Therapeutic Development: Evidence Limits, Validation Gates, and Translational Decision-Making.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antibiofilm efficacy and genomic characterization of a lytic bacteriophage targeting MDR uropathogenic Escherichia coli.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Single Treatment of Mature 3D Single-, Dual- and Poly-Species Biofilms Using a Combination Therapy of Phage or Phage-Hetero-Cocktails and Ciprofloxacin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- CApEsid biOfilm: a suggested pipeline for clinical phage microbiology for biofilm infections based on comparative method study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From hype to hope: reanimating phage therapy through evidence-based multidisciplinarity.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Phage cocktails: state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for effective design.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Genomic and functional characterization of a lyticFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Optical Density-Based Methods in Phage Biology: Titering, Lysis Timing, Host Range, and Phage-Resistance Evolution.Viruses · 2025Review
- Two unrelated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages require the exopolysaccharide Psl for infection.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Review
- Therapeutic potential of a newly isolated bacteriophage against multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecalis infections: in vitro and in vivo characterization.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Translational research priorities for bacteriophage therapeutics.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- Phage-based biocontrol ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Characterization and genomic analysis of phage vB_SmaP_c9-N, a novel Stenotrophomonas maltophilia podophage with antibiofilm activity.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Degradation ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Bacteriophage Control of Infectious Biofilms.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Temporal modelling of the biofilm lifecycle (TMBL) establishes kinetic analysis of plate-based bacterial biofilm dynamics.Journal of microbiological methods · 2023Article
- Comparative analysis of effectiveness for phage cocktail development against multiple Salmonella serovars and its biofilm control activity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A K-17 serotype specific Klebsiella phage JKP2 with biofilm reduction potential.Virus research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteriophages or phages, the viruses of bacteria, are abundant components of most ecosystems, including those where bacteria predominantly occupy biofilm niches. Understanding the phage impact on bacterial biofilms therefore can be crucial toward understanding both phage and bacterial ecology. Here, we take a critical look at the study of bacteriophage interactions with bacterial biofilms as carried out in vitro, since these studies serve as bases of our ecological and therapeutic understanding of phage impacts on biofilms. We suggest that phage-biofilm in vitro experiments often may be improved in terms of both design and interpretation. Specific issues discussed include (a) not distinguishing control of new biofilm growth from removal of existing biofilm, (b) inadequate descriptions of phage titers, (c) artificially small overlying fluid volumes, (d) limited explorations of treatment dosing and duration, (e) only end-point rather than kinetic analyses, (f) importance of distinguishing phage enzymatic from phage bacteriolytic anti-biofilm activities, (g) limitations of biofilm biomass determinations, (h) free-phage interference with viable-count determinations, and (i) importance of experimental conditions. Toward bettering understanding of the ecology of bacteriophage-biofilm interactions, and of phage-mediated biofilm disruption, we discuss here these various issues as well as provide tips toward improving experiments and their reporting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.