ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Direct Powder Extrusion of Paracetamol Loaded Mixtures for 3D Printed Pharmaceutics for Personalized Medicine via Low Temperature Thermal Processing.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology for On-Demand Drug Manufacturing Through 3D Printing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Sex-specific formulations of doxazosin mesylate via direct powder extrusion 3D printing.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- The Future of Medicine: How 3D Printing Is Transforming Pharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals-Evaluating Polymer (Sodium Alginate, HPC, HPMC)-Based Ink's Suitability by Investigating Rheology.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing with Additive Technology: A Key Driver of Industry 4.0 Integration.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2025Review
- Development of Subdermal Implants Using Direct Powder Extrusion 3D Printing and Hot-Melt Extrusion Technologies.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- 3D Printing Technologies in Personalized Medicine, Nanomedicines, and Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Direct cyclodextrin-based powder extrusion 3D printing for one-step production of the BCS class II model drug niclosamide.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Article
- Development of Advanced 3D-Printed Solid Dosage Pediatric Formulations for HIV Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three-dimensional printed drug development is nowadays an active area in the pharmaceutical industry, where the search for an appropriate edible carrier that permits the thermal processing of the mixture at temperature levels that are safe for the drug is an important field of study. Here, potato starch and hydroxypropyl cellulose based mixtures loaded with paracetamol up to 50% in weight were processed by hot melt extrusion at 85 °C to test their suitability to be thermally processed. The extruded mixtures were tested by liquid chromatography to analyze their release curves and were thermally characterized. The drug recovery was observed to be highly dependent on the initial moisture level of the mixture, the samples being prepared with an addition of water at a ratio of 3% in weight proportional to the starch amount, highly soluble and easy to extrude. The release curves showed a slow and steady drug liberation compared to a commercially available paracetamol tablet, reaching the 100% of recovery at 60 min. The samples aged for 6 weeks showed slower drug release curves compared to fresh samples, this effect being attributable to the loss of moisture. The paracetamol loaded mixture in powder form was used to print pills with different sizes and geometries in a fused deposition modelling three-dimensional printer modified with a commercially available powder extrusion head, showing the potential of this formulation for use in personalized medicine.
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Registered trials
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