ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Screen-Printed Graphene/Carbon Electrodes on Paper Substrates as Impedance Sensors for Detection of Coronavirus in Nasopharyngeal Fluid Samples.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heat-actuated valve implementation in a point-of-care, paper-based microfluidic device for infectious disease detection.PloS one · 2026Article
- Recent advances in graphene-based electroanalytical devices for healthcare applications.Nanoscale · 2024Review
- Advances in paper-based electrochemical immunosensors: review of fabrication strategies and biomedical applications.Royal Society open science · 2023Review
- Two-Dimensional (2D) materials in the detection of SARS-CoV-2.Microchemical journal : devoted to the application of microtechniques in all branches of science · 2023Article
- Carbon-based biosensors: Next-generation diagnostic tool for target-specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).Talanta open · 2023Article
- Advancement in Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensing and Emerging Diagnostic Methods.Biosensors · 2023Review
- COVID-19 impedimetric biosensor based on polypyrrole nanotubes, nickel hydroxide and VHH antibody fragment: specific, sensitive, and rapid viral detection in saliva samples.Materials today. Chemistry · 2023Article
- Highly Sensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Microgel-based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein.Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES · 2023Article
- Review
- The Emergence of Carbon Nanomaterials as Effective Nano-Avenues to Fight against COVID-19.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Short Review Comparing Carbon-Based Electrochemical Platforms With Other Materials For Biosensing SARS-Cov-2.ChemistrySelect · 2022Review
- Impedimetric Detection Based on Label-Free Immunoassay Developed for Targeting Spike S1 Protein of SARS-CoV-2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The role of electrochemical biosensors in SARS-CoV-2 detection: a bibliometrics-based analysis and review.RSC advances · 2022Review
- A Low-Cost Handheld Impedimetric Biosensing System for Rapid Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.IEEE sensors journal · 2022Article
- Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.2d materials · 2022Article
- Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Performance of Antigen Detection Tests for SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Development of polypyrrole (nano)structures decorated with gold nanoparticles toward immunosensing for COVID-19 serological diagnosis.Materials today. Chemistry · 2022Article
- Peptide-based simple detection of SARS-CoV-2 with electrochemical readout.Analytica chimica acta · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical immunosensor based on the spike-ACE2 complex.Analytica chimica acta · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global pandemic, which has resulted in more than one million deaths with tens of millions reported cases, requires a fast, accurate, and portable testing mechanism operable in the field environment. Electrochemical sensors, based on paper substrates with portable electrochemical devices, can prove an excellent alternative in mitigating the economic and public health effects of the disease. Herein, we present an impedance biosensor for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizing the IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. This label-free platform utilizing screen-printed electrodes works on the principle of redox reaction impedance of a probe and can detect antigen spikes directly in nasopharyngeal fluid as well as virus samples collected in the universal transport medium (UTM). High conductivity graphene/carbon ink is used for this purpose so as to have a small background impedance that leads to a wider dynamic range of detection. Antibody immobilization onto the electrode surface was conducted through a chemical entity or a biological entity to see their effect; where a biological immobilization can enhance the antibody loading and thereby the sensitivity. In both cases, we were able to have a very low limit of quantification (i.e., 0.25 fg/mL), however, the linear range was 3 orders of magnitude wider for the biological entity-based immobilization. The specificity of the sensor was also tested against high concentrations of H1N1 flu antigens with no appreciable response. The most optimized sensors are used to identify negative and positive COVID-19 samples with great accuracy and precision.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.