ReviewPharmaceutics2021
The Role of PK/PD Analysis in the Development and Evaluation of Antimicrobials.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices in murine thigh and hollow fibre dose fractionation studies analysed with a standard method.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Updated antimicrobial dosing recommendations for obese patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- What are the optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets for β-lactamase inhibitors? A systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- Oral linezolid compared with benzathine penicillin G for treatment of early syphilis in adults (Trep-AB Study) in Spain: a prospective, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Artificial intelligence and ultra-high performance computing methods and experiments for drug discovery: virtual screening, deep learning, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET modelling, and experimental validation.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Targeted Prostatic Delivery of Levofloxacin via a Novel Vas-Deferens Injection Device: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Northern Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Mapping the landscape of mathematical models for antimicrobial resistance: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Topical Chloramphenicol in Dogs: Effects of Concentration and Vehicle Formulation.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Oritavancin Multiple Dosing for Complex Infections: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Simulation Study.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Bacterial Pathogens: Resistance Patterns, Zoonotic Risks and One Health Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of a novel pleuromutilin derivative APTM against Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of GS-441524 in Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Pharmacokinetic Variability and Implications for Dose Optimization.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel Incorporating Silver Nanoparticles: A Nanobiotechnological Approach for Skin Infections Caused by MRSA and MRSE.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bacterial secondary metabolites as resistance-modifying adjuvants: microbial origins, molecular mechanisms, and translational relevance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Optimizing phage therapy for Salmonella Pullorum: dosage, timing, and pharmacokinetics define treatment efficacy in SPF chickens.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Synergistic Interactions Between Natural Phenolic Compounds and Antibiotics Against Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Pharmacodynamics of Vancomycin Against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Bloodstream Infections.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety of Natural Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Understanding the Interplay Between Bacterial Biofilm and Antimicrobial Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis has proved to be very useful to establish rational dosage regimens of antimicrobial agents in human and veterinary medicine. Actually, PK/PD studies are included in the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines for the evaluation of medicinal products. The PK/PD approach implies the use of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, as well as mathematical models to describe the relationship between the kinetics and the dynamic to determine the optimal dosing regimens of antimicrobials, but also to establish susceptibility breakpoints, and prevention of resistance. The final goal is to optimize therapy in order to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects and emergence of resistance. In this review, we revise the PK/PD principles and the models to investigate the relationship between the PK and the PD of antibiotics. Additionally, we highlight the outstanding role of the PK/PD analysis at different levels, from the development and evaluation of new antibiotics to the optimization of the dosage regimens of currently available drugs, both for human and animal use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.