ArticleViruses2021
The Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 Are Upregulated Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an AKT-Dependent Manner.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying novel host-based diagnostic biomarker panels for COVID-19: a whole-blood/nasopharyngeal transcriptome meta-analysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Pooled it
- Differential effects of SARS-CoV-2-targeted infection of ATII, club cells, and macrophages on lung immunopathology and antiviral responses.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Cytokine Dynamics in Severe COVID-19 vs. Influenza A Elderly Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory and transcriptional dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 infection in KRT18-hACE2 mouse brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Innate immune activation and mitochondrial ROS induce acute and persistent cardiac conduction system dysfunction after COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals genes relevant to periodontal therapy and periodontitis.Physiological genomics · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of macrophage activation duringVirulence · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Obesity and Venous Thromboembolism: From Molecular Aspects to Clinical Issue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Distinct pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenetic signatures distinguish children with Long COVID from controls.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Physical activity affects DNA methylation-derived inflammation markers in a community-based Parkinson's disease study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- CXCL10-dependent epithelial-vascular cross-talk for endothelial activation following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Promotes the Production of CXCL10 and Apoptosis of Myocardial Cells.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Cxcl10 is protective during mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Korean Red Ginseng relieves the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells by IFN-γ and IL-1β Ameliorate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome through Enhancing Homing Effect and Immunomodulation.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Lung-delivered IL-10 mitigates Lung inflammation induced by repeated endotoxin exposures in male mice.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Understanding chronic inflammation: couplings between cytokines, ROS, NO, CaFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of blood proteome in influenza-infected patients reveals new insights into the host response signatures distinguishing mild severe infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Acute COVID-19 and LongCOVID syndrome - molecular implications for therapeutic strategies - review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible RNA virus that is the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Patients with severe COVID-19 may develop acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and require mechanical ventilation. Key features of SARS-CoV-2 induced pulmonary complications include an overexpression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that contribute to a 'cytokine storm.' In the current study an inflammatory state in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells was characterized in which significantly elevated transcripts of the immunostimulatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were present. Additionally, an increase in gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, TNFα, and IFN-γ was observed. The transcription of CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6, and IFN-γ was also induced in the lungs of human transgenic angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. To elucidate cell signaling pathways responsible for chemokine upregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, small molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling kinases were used. The induction of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 gene expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was markedly reduced by treatment with the AKT inhibitor GSK690693. Samples from COVID-19 positive individuals also displayed marked increases in CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 transcripts as well as transcripts in the AKT pathway. The current study elucidates potential pathway specific targets for reducing the induction of chemokines that may be contributing to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis via hyperinflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.