ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Undercover Toxic Ménage à Trois of Amylin, Copper (II) and Metformin in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fragmented QRS on Baseline Electrocardiography Predicts Anatomically Significant Stenosis in Patients With Intermediate Coronary Lesions on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.Cardiology research · 2026Article
- Prescribing of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs Requiring Special Caution in Elderly Japanese People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Preliminary Report.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation: Towards Chemical Strategies to Prevent Amyloid Formation and to Design Non-Aggregating Peptide Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Deuterium trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, copper homeostasis, and neurodegenerative disease.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Mitigating diabetes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein aggregation through pharmacological interventions.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Metal Complex Formation and Anticancer Activity of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes with Metformin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent decades, type 2 diabetes complications have been correlated with amylin aggregation, copper homeostasis and metformin side effects. However, each factor was analyzed separately, and only in some rare cases copper/amylin or copper/metformin complexes were considered. We demonstrate for the first time that binary metformin/amylin and tertiary copper (II)/amylin/metformin complexes of high cellular toxicity are formed and lead to the formation of aggregated multi-level lamellar structures on the cell membrane. Considering the increased concentration of amylin, copper (II) and metformin in kidneys of T2DM patients, our findings on the toxicity of amylin and its adducts may be correlated with diabetic nephropathy development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.