ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Prevalence, New Incidence, Course, and Risk Factors of PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, and Panic Disorder during the Covid-19 Pandemic in 11 Countries.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Do the effects of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (i-CBT) last after a year and beyond? A meta-analysis of 154 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Clinical psychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) in Teachers: A Mini Meta-Analysis during COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Levels and correlates of pandemic anxiety in people living with rare diseases: a cross-sectional analysis using a structural equation model.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Events, Resilience, and Psychopathology.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Exploring healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences regarding post-traumatic stress disorder after 2 years of the last global pandemic.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Disaster and Mass-Casualty Incidents in Developed and Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis Study.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Association between weekend catch-up sleep and depression in US adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- PTSD and challenges among older Chinese in Shenzhen during COVID-19 pandemic: Trust in authority and medical professionals as moderators.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Time Series Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans: A Literature Review and Pilot Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Service Use Among Psychiatric Outpatients.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Shield of Self-Esteem: Buffering against the Impact of Traumatic Experiences, Fear, Anxiety, and Depression.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Asian Indians in the United States and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interventions: A Narrative Literature Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Review
- Stigmatization, panic disorder, and death anxiety among patients of Covid-19: Fourth wave of pandemic in Pakistan.Acta psychologica · 2023Article
- Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- Differences in Functional Level and Central Symptom of Network Structures in the Patients Seeking Treatment for Panic Disorder Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Benzodiazepine-Receptor Agonist Utilization in Outpatients with Anxiety Disorder: A Retrospective Study Based on Electronic Healthcare Data from a Large General Tertiary Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Incidence and persistence of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with and without disability.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2023Article
- Trust in Medical Professionals Moderates Depression in Hong Kong during COVID-19.Depression and anxiety · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and panic disorder (PD) among citizens in 11 countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. We explored risks and protective factors most associated with the development of these mental health disorders and their course at 68 days follow up. We acquired 9543 unique responses via an online survey that was disseminated in UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. The prevalence and new incidence during the pandemic for at least one disorder was 48.6% and 17.6%, with the new incidence of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and panic disorder being 11.4%, 8.4%, 9.3%, and 3%, respectively. Higher resilience was associated with lower mental health burden for all disorders. Ten to thirteen associated factors explained 79% of the variance in PTSD, 80% in anxiety, 78% in depression, and 89% in PD. To reduce the mental health burden, governments should refrain from implementing many highly restrictive and lasting containment measures. Public health campaigns should focus their effort on alleviating stress and fear, promoting resilience, building public trust in government and medical care, and persuading the population of the measures' effectiveness. Psychosocial services and resources should be allocated to facilitate individual and community-level recovery from the pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.