ArticleViruses2021
Different Neutralization Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Cell-to-Cell and Cell-Free Modes of Infection to Convalescent Sera.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimerization and Conjugation to Antiviral and Cytotoxic Payloads Enhance the Activity of Virus-Neutralizing Nanobodies In Vitro.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Development and Application of a Pseudovirus-Based Assay for Modelling SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mediated Drug Screening.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Fusion of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing LCB1 peptide with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase improves antiviral efficacy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pseudotyped Viruses: A Useful Platform for Pre-Clinical Studies Conducted in a BSL-2 Laboratory Setting.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- A Tiny Viral Protein, SARS-CoV-2-ORF7b: Functional Molecular Mechanisms.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Article
- Developing inhibitory peptides against SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Immunoliposomes As a Promising Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Article
- Antibody-mediated spike activation promotes cell-cell transmission of SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Human ACE2 protein is a molecular switch controlling the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Article
- In vitro high-content tissue models to address precision medicine challenges.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Neutralization Properties of Peptides Derived from N-Terminus of Human ACE2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The spatial dynamics of immune response upon virus infection through hybrid dynamical computational model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- On Immunological Studies at Sirius University of Science and Technology.Molecular biology · 2023Article
- Metalloprotease-Dependent S2'-Activation Promotes Cell-Cell Fusion and Syncytiation of SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Protective activity of mRNA vaccines against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Snake venom phospholipase ACellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a global threat to human lives and economics. One of the best ways to determine protection against the infection is to quantify the neutralizing activity of serum antibodies. Multiple assays have been developed to validate SARS-CoV-2 neutralization; most of them utilized lentiviral or vesicular stomatitis virus-based particles pseudotyped with the spike (S) protein, making them safe and acceptable to work with in many labs. However, these systems are only capable of measuring infection with purified particles. This study has developed a pseudoviral assay with replication-dependent reporter vectors that can accurately quantify the level of infection directly from the virus producing cell to the permissive target cell. Comparative analysis of cell-free and cell-to-cell infection revealed that the neutralizing activity of convalescent sera was more than tenfold lower in cell cocultures than in the cell-free mode of infection. As the pseudoviral system could not properly model the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, similar experiments were performed with replication-competent coronavirus, which detected nearly complete SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell infection resistance to neutralization by convalescent sera. These findings suggest that the cell-to-cell mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, for which the mechanisms are largely unknown, could be of great importance for treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.