ArticleVaccines2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors in Japan.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among parents in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review examining attitudes, hesitancy, and intentions.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A Systematic review of cognitive determinants.Health promotion perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of a mobile app chatbot and an interactive small-group webinar on COVID-19 vaccine intention and confidence in Japan: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ global health · 2023Trial
- Impact of Refutational Two-Sided Messages on Attitudes Toward Novel Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Covid-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy insights from France, Italy and Hungary: A mixed-methods study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Japan: The Influence of Individual Social Capital and Personal Beliefs on Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Vaccine acceptance in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Japan's health system toward 2040: structural challenges and a renewed social contract.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Review
- A poorly reactogenic lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccine unveils an innate immune pathway for adverse reactions.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Vaccine-related misinformation and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination in Japan.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Delayed Initiation of Complementary Foods: A Nationwide Online Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Vaccination decisions and social capital in Japan.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Identifying vaccine-hesitant subgroups in the Western Pacific using latent class analysis.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Ghana: A cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Decentralized pandemic response and health equity: an analysis of socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Japan.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the General Population in Japan from Public Health Ethical Perspectives: Findings from a Narrative Review.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- How urban versus rural population relates to COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy: A propensity score matching design study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Adverse reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in people with allergies in Japan.Global health & medicine · 2024Article
- Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The vaccine confidence index in Japan is one of the lowest worldwide. This study aimed to examine the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Japanese population using a larger sample and more robust statistical methods than previously, and to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey on 8-26 February 2021, and calculated the proportion and odds ratios for vaccine hesitancy. Among 23,142 responses analyzed, the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 11.3% (10.9-11.7%). The proportion was higher among younger respondents and female respondents, and especially among younger female respondents (15.6%) compared with the lowest proportion among older male respondents (4.8%). The most cited reason for not getting vaccinated was concerns about adverse reactions in more than 70% of the respondents. The proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Japan was comparable to that in previous studies overseas, and the proportion among younger respondents was more than double that among older respondents. Factors associated with the hesitancy were female sex, living alone, low socioeconomic status, and presence of severe psychological distress, especially among older respondents. Thus, adequate measures should be taken to ensure that vaccines are delivered to people with these factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.