ArticleViruses2021
Hepatitis E Outbreak in the Central Part of Italy Sustained by Multiple HEV Genotype 3 Strains, June-December 2019.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of global hepatitis E outbreaks to inform response and coordination initiatives.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic Heterogeneity of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Boars in Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- HEV-3 subtypes and strains detected in cases of HEV infection in central Italy from 2015 to 2023.Infection · 2025Article
- Article
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus Foodborne Illness Associated with Oysters, Australia, 2021-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Evaluation of hepatitis E virus RNA persistence in experimentally contaminated cured pork liver sausages.Italian journal of food safety · 2024Article
- Longitudinal serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Metabarcoding of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and Norovirus GII from Wastewater Samples in England Using Nanopore Sequencing.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Feces of Capybaras (Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris) in Brazil.Viruses · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of Hepatitis E.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional study of hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation in Italian pig farms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Hepatitis E Virus (HEV): Identification of Subtypes 3b and 3m in Wild Boar Population in Liguria Region, Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Co-Circulation of Different Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Subtypes in Pigs and Wild Boar in North-East Germany, 2019.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 microbiological surveillance by the Spanish Reference Laboratory: geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of subtypes from 2009 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Prevalence of HEV infection in acute non-ABC hepatitis and prognostic role of extrahepatic manifestations.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Article
- Identification of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 3 and 7 in Israel: A Public Health Concern?Viruses · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In European countries, autochthonous acute hepatitis E cases are caused by Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) genotype 3 and are usually observed as sporadic cases. In mid/late September 2019, a hepatitis E outbreak caused by HEV genotype 3 was recognized by detection of identical/highly similar HEV sequences in some hepatitis E cases from two Italian regions, Abruzzo and Lazio, with most cases from this latter region showing a link with Abruzzo. Overall, 47 cases of HEV infection were finally observed with onsets from 8 June 2019 to 6 December 2019; they represent a marked increase as compared with just a few cases in the same period of time in the past years and in the same areas. HEV sequencing was successful in 35 cases. The phylogenetic analysis of the viral sequences showed 30 of them grouped in three distinct molecular clusters, termed A, B, and C: strains in cluster A and B were of subtype 3e and strains in cluster C were of subtype 3f. No strains detected in Abruzzo in the past years clustered with the strains involved in the present outbreak. The outbreak curve showed partially overlapped temporal distribution of the three clusters. Analysis of collected epidemiological data identified pork products as the most likely source of the outbreak. Overall, the findings suggest that the outbreak might have been caused by newly and almost simultaneously introduced strains not previously circulating in this area, which are possibly harbored by pork products or live animals imported from outside Abruzzo. This possibility deserves further studies in this area in order to monitor the circulation of HEV in human cases as well as in pigs and wild boars.
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