ArticleMetabolites2021
Evaluating the Robustness of Biomarkers of Dairy Food Intake in a Free-Living Population Using Single- and Multi-Marker Approaches.
Article in Metabolites, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Serum and Urine Metabolites in Healthy Men after Consumption of Acidified Milk and Yogurt.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Exploration of Biomarkers of Food Intake in a Caribbean Hispanic Population.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Metabolomics-based biomarkers of fermented dairy and red meat intake: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Identifying Plasma and Urinary Biomarkers of Fermented Food Intake and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Health in a Dutch Observational Cohort.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Studies examining associations between self-reported dairy intake and health are inconclusive, but biomarkers hold promise for elucidating such relationships by offering objective measures of dietary intake. Previous human intervention studies identified several biomarkers for dairy foods in blood and urine using non-targeted metabolomics. We evaluated the robustness of these biomarkers in a free-living cohort in the Netherlands using both single- and multi-marker approaches. Plasma and urine from 246 participants (54 ± 13 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The targeted metabolite panel included 37 previously-identified candidate biomarkers of milk, cheese, and/or yoghurt consumption. Associations between biomarkers and energy-adjusted dairy food intakes were assessed by a 'single-marker' generalized linear model, and stepwise regression was used to select the best 'multi-marker' panel. Multi-marker models that also accounted for common covariates better captured the subtle differences for milk (urinary galactose, galactitol; sex, body mass index, age) and cheese (plasma pentadecanoic acid, isoleucine, glutamic acid) over single-marker models. No significant associations were observed for yogurt. Further examination of other facets of validity of these biomarkers may improve estimates of dairy food intake in conjunction with self-reported methods, and help reach a clearer consensus on their health impacts.
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Registered trials
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