Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34204029›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

The Mechanism of Drug Nephrotoxicity and the Methods for Preventing Kidney Damage.

Ewa Kwiatkowska, Leszek Domański, Violetta Dziedziejko, Anna Kajdy, Katarzyna Stefańska, Sebastian Kwiatkowski

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
18.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Detecting drug-induced nephrotoxicity using simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multiharmonic microscopy.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Drug-related proteinuria: a vigilance analysis based on the FAERS database.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026
    Article
  18. Novel emerging cell and organoid systems for the study of drug metabolism and toxicity in humans.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025
    Review
  19. Observational
  20. Review

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ewa KwiatkowskaClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9847-6589
Leszek DomańskiClinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Violetta DziedziejkoDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4809-415X
Anna KajdyCentre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Reproductive Health, St. Sophie's Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Katarzyna StefańskaDepartment of Obstetrics Medical, University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8612-9344
Sebastian KwiatkowskiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1504-3639
Pomeranian Medical University · PLGdańsk Medical University · PLPostgraduate School of Molecular Medicine · PL

Funding

Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name "Regional Initiative of Excellence" in 2019-2022 project number 002 / RID / 2018/19" 002 / RID / 2018/19"
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health challenge of vast proportions, as approx. 13.3% of people worldwide are affected annually. The pathophysiology of AKI is very complex, but its main causes are sepsis, ischemia, and nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is mainly associated with the use of drugs. Drug-induced AKI accounts for 19-26% of all hospitalized cases. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity develops according to one of the three mechanisms: (1) proximal tubular injury and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (a dose-dependent mechanism), where the cause is related to apical contact with drugs or their metabolites, the transport of drugs and their metabolites from the apical surface, and the secretion of drugs from the basolateral surface into the tubular lumen; (2) tubular obstruction by crystals or casts containing drugs and their metabolites (a dose-dependent mechanism); (3) interstitial nephritis induced by drugs and their metabolites (a dose-independent mechanism). In this article, the mechanisms of the individual types of injury will be described. Specific groups of drugs will be linked to specific injuries. Additionally, the risk factors for the development of AKI and the methods for preventing and/or treating the condition will be discussed.

Indexed as

AnimalsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsKidneyKidney DiseasesKidney TubulesMetabolomeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsacute kidney injuryacute tubular necrosiscasts nephropathyinterstitial nephritisnephrotoxicity

Identifiers

PMID34204029
PMCPMC8201165
OpenAlexW3171646083

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.