ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Pathophysiological Responses and Roles of Astrocytes in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Epigenetic mechanisms in traumatic brain injury: a focus on astrocytes and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- TGF-β2 exerts neuroprotective effects via inhibition of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation attenuates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-Derived Exosomal miR-211-5p Alleviates Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- The Effects of Adenosine A1/A3 Receptors Agonist on Improving the Outcomes of TBI and Stroke: Focus on AST-004.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Esketamine Suppresses Astrocyte-Driven Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury via the METTL5/c-Myc/PD-L1.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 improves motor function after traumatic brain injury in a rat model.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026Article
- The effect of astrocyte depletion and repopulation approaches in pathological condition of CNS.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Glial Activation After Unilateral Cortical Injury in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- N-Stearidonoylethanolamine Restores CA1 Synaptic Integrity and Reduces Astrocytic Reactivity After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Investigating associations between serum inflammatory cytokines at the time of second mild traumatic brain injury with acute neurological signs, axonal injury and behavioural outcomes in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Goreisan-mediated suppression of chemokine and cytokine production in astrocytes under AQP4-expressing conditions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dual-peptide engineered macrophage membrane biomimetic nanosystem via targeting Rg1 delivery for traumatic brain injury therapy.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Blast injury leads to chronic shifts in protein expression of distinct astrocyte populations.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Cytokines and related signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Enduring Effects of Humanin on Mitochondrial Systems in TBI Pathology.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Plasma proteomics uncovers divergent molecular signatures in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Investigation of the Expression, Localization, and Acidosis-Associated Conformational Changes in Connexin 43 in Traumatic Brain Injury with the Development of a Neural Network Model for Assessing Systemic Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Structural Biology of GFAP: Connotations of Its Potency in Presaging the Diagnosis for Traumatic Brain Injury and AD.Neurology international · 2025Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is immediate damage caused by a blow to the head resulting from traffic accidents, falls, and sporting activity, which causes death or serious disabilities in survivors. TBI induces multiple secondary injuries, including neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and brain edema. Despite these emergent conditions, current therapies for TBI are limited or insufficient in some cases. Although several candidate drugs exerted beneficial effects in TBI animal models, most of them failed to show significant effects in clinical trials. Multiple studies have suggested that astrocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Increased reactive astrocytes and astrocyte-derived factors are commonly observed in both TBI patients and experimental animal models. Astrocytes have beneficial and detrimental effects on TBI, including promotion and restriction of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, acceleration and suppression of neuroinflammation, and disruption and repair of the BBB via multiple bioactive factors. Additionally, astrocytic aquaporin-4 is involved in the formation of cytotoxic edema. Thus, astrocytes are attractive targets for novel therapeutic drugs for TBI, although astrocyte-targeting drugs have not yet been developed. This article reviews recent observations of the roles of astrocytes and expected astrocyte-targeting drugs in TBI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.