ArticleVaccines2021
Antivaccine Movement and COVID-19 Negationism: A Content Analysis of Spanish-Written Messages on Twitter.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Prevalence, Features, Influencing Factors, and Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of the Cultural Nuances in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Through a Comparative Analysis of English and Spanish Facebook Posts in Tarrant County, Texas: Longitudinal Study.Online journal of public health informatics · 2026Article
- Pandemic paradox: How the COVID-19 crisis transformed vaccine hesitancy into a two-edged sword.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Themes, Policies, and Attention Shifts Regarding COVID-19 Vaccinations in German-Speaking Regions: Infoveillance Study Using Tweets.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- A machine learning language model approach to evaluating mental health awareness content across Spanish- and English-language social media posts on Twitter.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Twitter reveals spatio-temporal variation in vaccine concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Beliefs and Attitudes of Hesitant Spaniards Towards COVID-19 Vaccines: "A Personal Decision".Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Use of Disinformation Hashtags by Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Networks Analysis.JMIR infodemiology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine information disorder in Chile: a quantitative analysis of fact-checked articles.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Conspiracy narratives and vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review of prevalence, impact, and interventions.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine-specific COVID-19 misinformation on social media: A scoping review.Integrative medicine research · 2023Article
- The far-right and anti-vaccine attitudes: lessons from Spain's mass COVID-19 vaccine roll-out.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Realfood and Cancer: Analysis of the Reliability and Quality of YouTube Content.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- Preface of Special Issue "21st Century Health Communication Challenges: Public Health Emergencies".European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- Sentiment Analysis on Twitter: Role of Healthcare Professionals in the Global Conversation during the AstraZeneca Vaccine Suspension.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Spain and associated factors.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Health Literacy and Critical Lecture as Key Elements to Detect and Reply to Nutrition Misinformation on Social Media: Analysis between Spanish Healthcare Professionals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association between coping strategies and professional quality of life in nurses and physicians during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.Journal of nursing management · 2022Observational
- Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (VAX) in a Spanish sample.BMC psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, different conspiracies have risen, with the most dangerous being those focusing on vaccines. Today, there exists a social media movement focused on destroying the credibility of vaccines and trying to convince people to ignore the advice of governments and health organizations on vaccination. Our aim was to analyze a COVID-19 antivaccination message campaign on Twitter that uses Spanish as the main language, to find the key elements in their communication strategy. Twitter data were retrieved from 14 to 28 December using NodeXL software. We analyzed tweets in Spanish, focusing on influential users, most influential tweets, and content analysis of tweets. The results revealed ordinary citizens who 'offer the truth' as the most important profile in this network. The content analysis showed antivaccine tweets (31.05%) as the most frequent. The analysis of anti-COVID19 tweets showed that attacks against vaccine safety were the most important (79.87%) but we detected a new kind of message presenting the vaccine as a means of manipulating the human genetic code (8.1%). We concluded that the antivaccine movement and its tenets have great influence in the COVID-19 negationist movement. We observed a new topic in COVID-19 vaccine hoaxes that must be considered in our fight against misinformation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.