ArticleCells2021
The PD-L1/PD-1 Axis Blocks Neutrophil Cytotoxicity in Cancer.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Neutrophils in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Hijacking the helpers: platelet and neutrophil trafficking in AML and therapeutic exploitation.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Prognostic Factors Analysis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Peripheral Blood Neutrophils and Monocytes Predict Disease Progression in Stage III Melanoma Patients Treated With Anti Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Targeting STING Signalling Polarizes Tumor-Associated Neutrophils to Boost Anticancer and Abscopal Antimetastatic Functions.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Regulating the regulators via targeting CD38 in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of neutrophils in vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Is it time for a SAH clinical trial targeting neutrophils?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2025Review
- Development of an ADME gene signature for prognostic and therapeutic stratification in gastric cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Early immune response toMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of chorionic mesenchymal stromal cells, their conditioned medium, and membrane particles on neutrophil functionality.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells; mechanisms, functional significance, and targeting in cancer therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Effect of neutrophils on tumor immunity and immunotherapy resistance with underlying mechanisms.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Neutrophils in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, prognostic value, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- GINS2 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and immune evasion by recruiting PD-L1Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Notch Signaling and PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potentialities of Combined Therapies.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- PD-L1Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The PD-L1/PD-1 axis mediates immune tolerance and promotes tumor growth and progression via the inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. Blocking the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 was clinically shown to be beneficial in maintaining the anti-tumor functions of the adaptive immune system. Still, the consequences of blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 axis on innate immune responses remain largely unexplored. In this context, neutrophils were shown to consist of distinct subpopulations, which possess either pro- or anti-tumor properties. PD-L1-expressing neutrophils are considered pro-tumor as they are able to suppress cytotoxic T cells and are propagated with disease progression. That said, we found that PD-L1 expression is not limited to tumor promoting neutrophils, but is also evident in anti-tumor neutrophils. We show that neutrophil cytotoxicity is effectively and efficiently blocked by tumor cell-expressed PD-1. Furthermore, the blocking of either neutrophil PD-L1 or tumor cell PD-1 maintains neutrophil cytotoxicity. Importantly, we show that tumor cell PD-1 blocks neutrophil cytotoxicity and promotes tumor growth via a mechanism independent of adaptive immunity. Taken together, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of enhancing anti-tumor innate immune responses via blocking of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.